Locator et conductor locationem conductionem signant.

You can tell mainly from the endings.

• locator and conductor are the subject: they are in the nominative form.
• signant is the verb.
• locationem and conductionem are the direct objects: they are in the accusative form.

So the structure is:

• locator et conductor = the doers of the action
• locationem conductionem = the things affected by the action
• signant = they sign

Because two singular nouns joined by et (and) make a compound subject, and that takes a plural verb.

So:

• locator = one person
• conductor = one person
• locator et conductor = two people together

That is why Latin uses signant = they sign, not a singular verb.

signant is:

• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood
• third person plural

It comes from signare, meaning to sign or to mark.

So signant means they sign or they are signing, depending on context.

Because they are accusative singular forms.

Their dictionary forms are:

• locatio
• conductio

These are third-declension nouns, and their accusative singular ends in -em:

• locatio → locationem
• conductio → conductionem

They are accusative because they are the direct objects of signant.

All four nouns here belong to the third declension, but they are different types within it.

• locator, locatoris = third declension, agent noun
• conductor, conductoris = third declension, agent noun
• locatio, locationis = third declension, feminine abstract noun
• conductio, conductionis = third declension, feminine abstract noun

A useful pattern is:

• nouns in -tor often name a person who does something
• nouns in -tio / -sio often name an action or process

So this sentence contains two people and two related action-nouns.

Because they are built from related legal or verbal vocabulary.

Latin often forms families of words like this:

• a noun for the person
• a noun for the action
• sometimes a matching pair for the other party in a legal relationship

Here, the sentence uses a very symmetrical set of words:

• locator
• conductor
• locatio
• conductio

That kind of pairing is especially common in legal or formal language.

Because Latin has no articles.

Latin does not have separate words that exactly equal English the or a/an. Whether a noun is understood as definite or indefinite depends on context.

So:

• locator can mean the landlord/lessor or a landlord/lessor
• conductor can mean the tenant/lessee or a tenant/lessee

The same is true for the other nouns.

Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because the endings already show each word’s job.

This sentence is arranged as:

• subject
• subject
• object
• object
• verb

That is a perfectly normal Latin pattern. The verb often comes near the end.

If you changed the order, the basic meaning would usually stay the same, because the case endings still tell you what each word is doing. What changes most is emphasis, not core meaning.

As written, the two objects are simply placed next to each other. Latin can do this, especially when two terms are closely connected.

So locationem conductionem can be understood as two coordinated objects without repeating and.

If a writer wanted to make the coordination more explicit, locationem et conductionem would also be possible.

A learner should notice that Latin does not always need a conjunction every time English would naturally use one.

Because of where it appears and because of the forms around it.

In locator et conductor:

• locator and conductor are both nominative singular nouns
• they match each other in role
• together they form a natural compound subject

So et is clearly linking those two nouns: locator and conductor.

It is not linking the objects, because it stands between the two subject words, not between locationem and conductionem.