jeoneun daehageseo hangugeoreul gongbuhaeyo.

저 means I in a polite or humble way. The particle 는 is the topic marker, so 저는 means something like as for me or I as the topic of the sentence.

In Korean, particles show the role of a word in the sentence. Here, 는 tells you that 저 is the topic being talked about.

A very natural comparison is:

• 저는 = polite I
  • topic marker
• 나는 = casual I
  • topic marker

So in this polite sentence, 저는 fits better than 나는.

에서 is used because the university is the place where the action happens.

In this sentence, the action is studying. So 대학에서 means at the university or in college/university, as the location where studying takes place.

A helpful shortcut:

• 에 = destination, existence, time, or location in some contexts
• 에서 = place where an action happens

Examples:

• 학교에 가요 = I go to school
• 학교에서 공부해요 = I study at school

Since 공부해요 is an action, 에서 is the correct particle here.

대학 usually means college or university, depending on context. In many learning materials, it is often translated as university.

You may also see 대학교, which is very similar. In many situations:

• 대학 = college/university
• 대학교 = university

In everyday speech, both can be used, though 대학교 sounds a bit more explicit. In this sentence, 대학에서 sounds perfectly natural.

한국어 means the Korean language in a formal or neutral way.

Related words:

• 한국어 = Korean language
• 한국말 = Korean speech/language, a bit more conversational
• 한글 = the Korean alphabet, not the language itself

So if you are talking about studying the language as a subject, 한국어 is a very common and appropriate choice.

공부해요 comes from the dictionary form 공부하다, which means to study.

Breakdown:

• 공부 = study
• 하다 = to do
• 공부하다 = to study
• 공부해요 = study / am studying, in polite present-style speech

This is the polite informal style, often called 해요 style. It is very common in everyday conversation.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Korean present tense often covers:

• habitual actions: I study Korean at university
• actions happening around now: I am studying Korean at university

The exact meaning depends on the situation. If no extra context is given, English may translate it either way.

Korean usually follows a Subject/Topic + Place/Object + Verb order, and the verb normally comes at the end.

So:

• 저는 = as for me
• 대학에서 = at university
• 한국어를 = Korean
• 공부해요 = study

This is different from English, but it is one of the basic patterns of Korean sentence structure.

A useful rule for beginners is:
In Korean, wait for the verb at the end.

를 is the object marker. It shows that 한국어 is the thing being studied.

So:

• 한국어를 공부해요 = study Korean

The object marker has two forms:

• 을 after a consonant
• 를 after a vowel

Since 한국어 ends in a vowel sound, it takes 를.

Yes, very often.

Korean frequently leaves out the subject or topic when it is already understood from context. So in a real conversation, someone might simply say:

• 대학에서 한국어를 공부해요.

This can still mean I study Korean at university, if it is clear who is speaking.

Korean often sounds more natural than English when repeated subjects are omitted.

It is polite and natural for many everyday situations.

The ending -해요 is the common polite style used in conversation with:

• teachers
• coworkers
• new people
• people you do not speak casually with

Compare:

• 공부해요 = polite everyday style
• 공부합니다 = more formal
• 공부해 = casual

So 저는 대학에서 한국어를 공부해요. is polite without sounding stiff.