majimak beoseureul nohchyeosseoyo.

Korean often leaves out the subject when it is obvious from context.

So even though English needs I missed the last bus, Korean can simply say 마지막 버스를 놓쳤어요 if everyone already understands who did it.

If you want to make I explicit, you could say:

• 제가 마지막 버스를 놓쳤어요.
• 나는 마지막 버스를 놓쳤어요.

But in everyday conversation, leaving it out is very normal.

버스 means bus.

The -를 is the object particle. It marks 버스 as the thing affected by the verb.

So:

• 버스 = bus
• 버스를 = bus + object marker

Since 놓치다 means to miss, the thing you miss is the object:

• 버스를 놓치다 = to miss the bus

Because 버스 ends in a vowel, it takes -를.
If a noun ends in a consonant, it usually takes -을 instead.

마지막 means last, final, or the end depending on context.

In 마지막 버스, it works like last in English:

• 마지막 버스 = the last bus

Korean puts modifiers before the noun, just like English does here.

Other examples:

• 마지막 기회 = last chance
• 마지막 날 = the last day
• 마지막 사람 = the last person

The dictionary form is 놓치다, which means to miss.

Examples:

• 버스를 놓치다 = to miss the bus
• 기회를 놓치다 = to miss an opportunity
• 타이밍을 놓치다 = to miss the timing

In your sentence, 놓쳤어요 is the past polite form, so it means missed.

It comes from:

• 놓치다 → verb stem 놓치-
• add past tense -었-
• add polite ending -어요

So historically:

• 놓치 + 었어요 → 놓치었어요

This contracts to:

• 놓쳤어요

So 놓쳤어요 means missed in polite speech.

Because Korean often contracts vowels and syllables in everyday conjugation.

For this verb:

• 놓치었어요 is the full underlying form
• 놓쳤어요 is the natural contracted form

The contracted form is what people normally say and write.

This kind of contraction is very common in Korean verb conjugation.

놓쳤어요 is in the polite informal style, often called the -요 form.

It is very common in daily conversation and is appropriate in many situations, such as:

• speaking to someone you do not know well
• speaking politely to coworkers
• speaking to service staff
• casual polite conversation

Compare:

• 놓쳤어 = casual, plain speech
• 놓쳤어요 = polite everyday speech
• 놓쳤습니다 = more formal

So your sentence is polite and natural for everyday use.

Here are common versions:

• 마지막 버스를 놓쳤어. = casual, to a friend
• 마지막 버스를 놓쳤어요. = polite everyday speech
• 마지막 버스를 놓쳤습니다. = formal

The meaning is the same; only the speech level changes.

It is pronounced roughly like 노처써요.

A more detailed pronunciation guide:

• 놓 sounds like 노
• 쳤 sounds like 처t with the final consonant unreleased
• 어요 sounds like 어요, but together in natural speech it flows as 써요 after 쳤

So learners often hear it as:

• 노처써요

You do not need to pronounce each written part separately in a stiff way.

Yes. It is a perfectly complete and natural Korean sentence.

Even though it does not explicitly mention:

• the subject (I)
• the time (today, yesterday, etc.)
• the location

Korean often leaves out information that is understood from context.

So in real conversation, this is completely normal.

Yes. 놓치다 is used for many kinds of missing something.

Common uses include:

• 버스를 놓치다 = miss the bus
• 기회를 놓치다 = miss an opportunity
• 수업을 놓치다 = miss a class
• 중요한 점을 놓치다 = miss an important point
• 전화를 놓치다 = miss a phone call

So it is a very useful verb.

Korean does not have articles like a and the.

So 마지막 버스 can mean:

• the last bus
• sometimes just last bus, depending on context

English forces you to choose a/the, but Korean usually relies on context instead.

That is why 마지막 버스를 놓쳤어요 can naturally mean I missed the last bus without any separate word for the.

In casual spoken Korean, particles are sometimes dropped, so you may hear:

• 마지막 버스 놓쳤어요

However, the full and standard form is:

• 마지막 버스를 놓쳤어요

For learners, it is best to use the particle until you are very comfortable with when omission sounds natural.

So yes, you may hear it without -를, but 버스를 is the safest and clearest form.