Learn Hardcore Korean: nae noteubugi gapjagi kkeojyeosseo, chungjeongiga eobseo. - My laptop suddenly turned off; I don’t have the charger.

With 없다 (not to have; not to exist), the thing that doesn’t exist is marked with the subject marker 이/가, not the object marker 을/를. Hence 충전기가 없어 is correct, not 충전기를 없어.
In 노트북이 … 꺼졌어, the laptop is the subject that underwent the event.

Could I use 은/는 instead of 이/가?

Yes, for topicalization or contrast.

Neutral/new info: 제 노트북이 갑자기 꺼졌어요.
Contrast/topic: 제 노트북은 갑자기 꺼졌어요 (as for my laptop, it turned off; implying contrast with something else). Similarly: 충전기는 없어 can sound contrastive.

Can I drop the particles in casual speech?

Often yes, especially in conversation or texting:

내 노트북 갑자기 꺼졌어. 충전기 없어. Particles add clarity, but dropping them here is natural.

What’s the difference between 끄다 and 꺼지다?

끄다 (transitive): to turn something off. Example: 노트북을 껐어 (I turned the laptop off).
꺼지다 (intransitive): to go off/turn off (by itself or as a result). Example: 노트북이 꺼졌어 (the laptop turned off).

Does 꺼졌어 imply it turned off by itself?

Yes, it focuses on the result/event, not who caused it. If you turned it off, use 껐어 (from 끄다): 노트북을 껐어.

Is the comma between the two clauses okay in Korean?

Yes. In casual writing or chat, a comma is fine. Other natural options:

Two sentences: … 꺼졌어. 충전기가 없어.
With connectors: … 꺼졌어. 근데 충전기가 없어. / 그리고 충전기가 없어. / 그래서 곤란해.

If I want to show clear cause-and-effect, what should I use?

Use connectors:

Because battery died → 배터리가 다 돼서 노트북이 꺼졌어.
Because I don’t have a charger (I can’t charge) → 충전기가 없어서 충전을 못 해. Saying 충전기가 없어서 꺼졌어 is odd unless context makes it clear the dead battery caused the shutdown.

Should I add 도 to mean “either/also”?

If you’re following another negative statement (e.g., you already said you don’t have something else), use 도:

충전기도 없어 = I don’t have a charger either.

Where should 갑자기 go?

It’s an adverb and can move around before the verb:

내 노트북이 갑자기 꺼졌어. (most common)
갑자기 내 노트북이 꺼졌어. (fronts the adverb for emphasis) Both are natural.

How do I pronounce the tricky parts?

꺼졌어 ≈ kkeo-jyeo-sseo; the middle often sounds like “jyeo-ss” (listeners hear something like “꺼저써”).
없어 ≈ eop-sseo (sounds like “업써”).
노트북이 links as no-teu-bu-gi.
충전기가 없어 links smoothly and 없어 still sounds like “업써.”

Is 내 okay here? When do I use 제 or 나의?

내: casual speech (friends/peers).
제: polite/humble (talking to strangers, seniors, customers).
나의: very formal/literary; rarely used in everyday speech.

Is 노트북 the usual word for “laptop” in Korean?

Yes. 노트북 is the standard everyday term. 랩탑 is rare. 컴퓨터 is broader and can mean desktop or computer in general.

Other natural ways to say the battery died?

배터리가 다 됐어.
배터리가 나갔어.
배터리가 방전됐어.
Very casual: 배터리가 죽었어.

Any pitfalls with 꺼져?

Yes. 꺼져 used to a person means “Get lost!”—very rude. 꺼졌어 (past tense) is safe, but don’t say 꺼져 to people unless you intend to be rude. You can say it jokingly to a device.

Is the spelling/spacing all correct?

Yes:

내 노트북이 갑자기 꺼졌어, 충전기가 없어.
충전기 is one word; don’t split it (충전 기 ×).
No space inside 꺼졌어; it’s 꺼지다 + 었어 → 꺼졌어 (regular contraction).