Learn Hardcore Korean: keun soriga gongbureul banghaehaeyo.

It marks 큰 소리 (loud noise) as the grammatical subject. You use -가 after a noun ending in a vowel sound (like 소리). If the noun ended in a consonant, you’d use -이. Using the subject particle here presents “a loud noise” as the thing doing the action (interfering).

Can I use -는 instead: 큰 소리는 공부를 방해해요?

Yes. -는/은 marks a topic. With 큰 소리는, you sound like you’re making a general statement or setting up a contrast: “As for loud noise(s), (it) interferes with studying.” With -가, you’re simply stating that a (or the) loud noise is interfering, often as new information.

Why is it 공부를 and not 공부에?

The verb 방해하다 (“to disturb/interfere with”) takes a direct object, so you mark it with -를/을: 공부를 방해하다. If you switch to the expression 방해가 되다 (“to be an interference”), you use -에: 공부에 방해가 돼요.

What is 방해해요 made from?

It’s the polite present form of the verb 방해하다 (noun 방해 + verb 하다). Conjugation: 방해하다 → 방해해요 (polite), 방해합니다 (formal), 방해해 (casual). The base/dictionary form is 방해하다.

Does 큰 mean “big”? Are we talking about size?

For sounds, 크다 describes volume (loudness), not physical size. 큰 소리 = “loud sound/noise.” Predicatively, you’d say 소리가 커요 (“The sound is loud”).

Is this sentence about a general fact or something happening now?

By default, the Korean present can express either. Context decides. To make “right now” explicit, use the progressive: 지금 큰 소리가 공부를 방해하고 있어요 (“A loud noise is interfering with my studying right now”).

What’s the difference between 큰 소리 and 시끄러운 소리?

큰 소리: loud in volume (neutral about whether it’s annoying).
시끄러운 소리: noisy/annoying; carries a negative nuance. So if you want to emphasize nuisance, use 시끄러운 or even just 시끄러워요 about the environment.

What’s the difference between 소리 and 소음?

소리: sound in general (neutral).
소음: “noise” in the sense of unwanted/irritating noise, often used in formal or technical contexts. Examples:
심한 소음이 공부를 방해해요 (“Severe noise interferes with studying.”)
소음 때문에 공부를 못 해요 (“Because of the noise, I can’t study.”)

Is the word order fixed? Can I say 공부를 큰 소리가 방해해요?

Korean allows word-order flexibility. 공부를 큰 소리가 방해해요 is grammatical and can put focus on 공부를 (“as for studying, it’s being interfered with by a loud noise”). The neutral, most common order is subject–object–verb: 큰 소리가 공부를 방해해요.

Do I need to say “my studying”? How do I say it if I want to be explicit?

Korean usually omits possessives when obvious. If you want to be explicit:

제 공부를 방해해요 (“It interferes with my studying.”)
제가 공부하는 걸 방해해요 (“It interferes with me studying.”)
제가 공부하는 데 방해가 돼요 (very natural; “It gets in the way of my studying.”)

How do I make it negative or stronger?

Negative with 방해하다: 큰 소리가 공부를 방해하지 않아요.
Negative with 방해가 되다: 큰 소리가 공부에 방해가 되지 않아요.
Stronger/causative: 큰 소리가 공부를 못 하게 해요 or 큰 소리 때문에 집중을 못 해요 (“I can’t concentrate because of the loud noise”).

What politeness/register is -해요, and should I use honorifics here?

방해해요: polite informal (most everyday interactions).
방해합니다: formal polite (announcements, presentations).
방해해: casual (friends). Don’t add honorific -시- here (e.g., 방해하십니다), because the subject 소리 is inanimate; using honorifics would be odd.

Can I drop particles in this sentence?

In casual speech, Koreans often drop some particles, but for clarity (especially as a learner) keep them. Dropping both here (e.g., 큰 소리 공부 방해해요) sounds awkward. If anything, you might hear one dropped in context, but 큰 소리가 공부를 방해해요 is safest and most natural.

Any spacing or spelling pitfalls?

Particles attach without a space: 소리가, not “소리 가”.
방해해요 is written as one word (noun + 하다 compounds are written together).
If you use the alternate pattern: 방해가 돼요 is spelled 돼요, not “되요”.

How do I turn it into a question?

Intonation: 큰 소리가 공부를 방해해요?
More polite: 큰 소리가 공부를 방해하나요?
Formal: 큰 소리가 공부를 방해합니까?

How can I add frequency or cause more naturally?

Use adverbs and the verb 나다 (“a sound occurs”):

큰 소리가 자주 나서 공부를 방해해요. (“Loud noises happen often, so they interfere with studying.”)
가끔 큰 소리가 나서 집중이 안 돼요. (“Sometimes loud noises occur, so I can’t concentrate.”)