Learn Hardcore Korean: beoseureul tago sijange gaseo gwailgwa yachaereul sayo. - I take the bus to the market and buy fruits and vegetables.

-고 is a connective ending that links verbs in sequence or shows the means by which something is done. In 버스를 타고 시장에 가요, it joins 타다 (to ride) with 가다 (to go), giving “ride the bus and (then) go.” You can also understand 버스를 타고 as “by taking the bus.”

Why is 가서 used to connect 가다 and 사다? Can’t we just use -고 or the conjunction 그리고?

-아서/어서 (here -서) also connects verbs but often implies a closer link or a direct sequence (go → then buy).
• 가고 is more neutral and simply lists actions: “go and buy.”
• 그리고 is a sentence-level conjunction meaning “and,” typically used between full sentences: “I go to the market. And I buy fruits.”
Using 가서 is the most natural way to say “go and then buy” in one flowing sentence.

Why is 시장에 marked with 에 instead of 에서?

에 marks the destination or direction of 가다 (to go): “go to the market.”
에서 marks where an action takes place: if you want to say “I buy fruits at the market,” you’d say 시장에서 과일을 사요.

Why is there only one object marker 를 at the end of 과일과 야채를?

When you have a coordinated noun phrase like 과일과 야채, you attach the object marker 를/을 only once at the end of the entire phrase. That one marker shows that you buy both fruits and vegetables.

Why is the subject omitted in this sentence?

Korean often drops the subject when it’s clear from context. Here, the implied subject is “I” (or “we”). In daily speech, saying 버스를 타고 시장에 가서 과일과 야채를 사요 without 저는 sounds more natural and avoids redundancy.

Why is 과 used to connect 과일 and 야채, and how is it different from 와 or 하고?

• 과 attaches to nouns ending in a consonant (과일 ends with ㄹ).
• 와 attaches to nouns ending in a vowel.
• 하고 is a more colloquial “and” that works regardless of the final sound.
So 과일과 야채 is the formal way, whereas 과일하고 야채 would be slightly more casual.

What tense and politeness level does 사요 represent?

사요 is the present tense, polite informal style (the -아요/어요 form). It indicates an action happening now or regularly, and it’s polite enough for everyday conversation.

Can we replace the first -고 in 버스를 타고 with -아서/어서? How would that change the nuance?

Yes. You could say 버스를 타서 시장에 가서 과일과 야채를 사요.
• -고 is purely sequential or means-of-transport.
• -아서/어서 adds a sense of cause or direct connection: “because I took the bus, I’m able to go to the market.” In practice, both versions are common and the difference is subtle.

Why are the verbs 타다, 가다, 사다 placed at the end of the sentence, and why do the subordinate clauses come first in Korean?

Korean follows a subject–object–verb (SOV) order, and subordinate clauses (like “taking the bus” or “going to the market”) precede the main clause (“buy fruits and vegetables”). This structure lets you stack actions or descriptions in front of the final verb, which carries the main meaning and tense/politeness information.