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Questions & Answers about i chaeki yeppeoyo.
In 이 책[이] 예뻐요, why are there two 이s and what do they each mean?
The first 이 in 이 책 is the demonstrative “this”, modifying the noun 책 (“book”). The second 이 (shown in brackets) is the subject particle attached to 책 because it ends in a consonant. They look identical but have different roles—one is a pointer word, the other a grammatical marker.
Why can some people say 이 책 예뻐요 without the subject particle, and is that correct?
In casual, spoken Korean, dropping particles is common when context is clear—so 이 책 예뻐요 is understood. For polite and grammatically complete sentences, especially in writing or formal situations, you should include the particle: 이 책이 예뻐요.
Why is the subject particle 이 used here instead of 가?
Korean has two forms of the subject marker: 이 after a consonant and 가 after a vowel. Since 책 ends with the consonant ㄱ, you use 이: 책 + 이 → 책이.
I expected a phrase like “This book is pretty” to use a separate 이다 (“to be”) verb. Why doesn’t 이 책이 예뻐요 have 이다?
In Korean, descriptive adjectives like 예쁘다 are conjugated like verbs and can stand alone as predicates. There is no separate copula needed—the adjective itself carries the meaning of “is pretty.”
What is the difference between 예쁘다 and 예뻐요?
- 예쁘다 is the dictionary (plain) form.
- To make it polite present you add -어요 to the stem 예쁘-. By Korean sound rules, 예쁘어요 contracts to 예뻐요.
What speech level does the ending -요 indicate, and when would I use -습니다 instead?
-요 marks the casual-polite or everyday polite style (해요체), appropriate for most conversations. -습니다 marks the formal-polite style (합쇼체), used in speeches, presentations, news broadcasts, or very formal writing.
Examples:
• 해요체: 이 책이 예뻐요
• 합쇼체: 이 책이 예쁩니다
What’s the nuance difference between 이 책이 예뻐요 and 이 책은 예뻐요?
• 이 책이 예뻐요 uses 이/가 to present “this book” as new or focused information (e.g., answering “Which book is pretty?”).
• 이 책은 예뻐요 uses 은/는 to set “this book” as the topic or known context, often implying contrast or general statement (“This book is pretty (but that one is not).”).
Are other adjectives conjugated the same way as 예쁘다? For example, how do you say “big” politely?
Yes. Remove -다 from the dictionary form, then add -아요/어요 according to the last vowel of the stem:
• 크다 → 커요 (big)
• 좋다 → 좋아요 (good)
• 작다 → 작아요 (small)
Stems with ㅏ or ㅗ take -아요, others take -어요 (with contractions as needed).