angkoreuga kkeutnago gwangaegi toejanghaesseo.

Here, -고 connects two actions/events:

• 앙코르가 끝나고 = the encore ended, and / after the encore ended
• 관객이 퇴장했어 = the audience left

In this sentence, -고 is best understood as showing a natural sequence: first the encore ended, then the audience left.

So it can feel like:

• The encore ended, and the audience left.
• After the encore ended, the audience left.

It does not strongly emphasize cause. It mainly links the events in order.

Because 끝나다 and 끝내다 are different verbs:

• 끝나다 = to end / to be over
  
  • intransitive
• 끝내다 = to end something / to finish something
  
  • transitive

In this sentence, the encore itself is ending:

• 앙코르가 끝나다 = the encore ends

If you used 끝내다, you would need someone actively ending it:

• 가수가 앙코르를 끝냈어 = The singer ended the encore

So 앙코르가 끝나고 is the natural form here.

-이/가 marks the subject of each clause.

This sentence has two clauses:

1. 앙코르가 끝나고

   • 앙코르가 = the encore is the subject of 끝나다

2. 관객이 퇴장했어

   • 관객이 = the audience is the subject of 퇴장하다

A very literal structural reading is:

• As for the encore, it ended
• As for the audience, they exited

But in natural Korean, -이/가 often just marks the thing doing or undergoing the action in each clause.

Yes, but it changes the nuance.

• 앙코르가 끝나고 관객이 퇴장했어
  sounds like a straightforward report of what happened.

If you say:

• 앙코르는 끝나고 관객은 퇴장했어

it can sound more contrastive or topic-driven, as if you are talking about those two things specifically, perhaps compared with something else.

For example, -은/는 may suggest:

• As for the encore, it ended, and as for the audience, they left
• or a contrast like the encore ended, but...

So in a simple narrative sentence, -이/가 is very natural.

퇴장하다 means to leave, to exit, or to withdraw from a place, especially in a somewhat formal or event-related sense.

It is often used for:

• leaving a concert hall, theater, stadium, ceremony, etc.
• leaving the stage
• exiting in an orderly or official sense

So 관객이 퇴장했어 is more like:

• The audience exited
• The audience left the venue

Compared with other verbs:

• 가다 = to go
• 나가다 = to go out
• 떠나다 = to leave/depart
• 퇴장하다 = to exit formally / leave a venue or stage

Because this sentence is about an encore and an audience, 퇴장하다 fits very well.

Yes. 퇴장하다 is more formal and somewhat more written or event-related.

Compare:

• 관객이 퇴장했어
  = The audience exited
• 관객이 나갔어
  = The audience went out / left

Both can work, but 퇴장하다 sounds more appropriate for performances, theaters, concerts, ceremonies, or official situations.

Also, 퇴장하다 is a Sino-Korean verb, so it often feels a bit more formal than native Korean verbs.

했어 is the casual intimate form, often called 반말.

The verb here is:

• 퇴장했어 = casual past of 퇴장하다

Related forms:

• 퇴장했어 = casual
• 퇴장했어요 = polite
• 퇴장했습니다 = formal polite
• 퇴장했다 = plain written / diary / narrative style

So the full sentence in different styles would be:

• 앙코르가 끝나고 관객이 퇴장했어.
  casual
• 앙코르가 끝나고 관객이 퇴장했어요.
  polite
• 앙코르가 끝나고 관객이 퇴장했습니다.
  formal

Yes. 앙코르 is a loanword meaning encore, especially in music or performance contexts.

It commonly refers to:

• an extra song or performance after the main program
• a performance done because the audience asked for more

So in Korean concert-related language, 앙코르 is very normal.

Not always. -고 is very flexible.

It can connect clauses in different ways depending on context:

• simple listing: A and B
• sequence: A, then B
• background + main event: after A / with A happening, B

In this sentence, it strongly suggests sequence:

• 앙코르가 끝나고 관객이 퇴장했어
  = The encore ended, and then the audience left

So while -고 is often taught as and, you should think of it more broadly as a neutral connector whose exact meaning comes from context.

It can imply that naturally, but the grammar itself does not strongly mark cause.

The sentence mainly says:

1. the encore ended
2. the audience left

Since those events logically go together, an English speaker may infer cause. But if you wanted to make the causal relationship more explicit in Korean, you could use something like:

• 앙코르가 끝나서 관객이 퇴장했어.
  = Because the encore ended, the audience left.

So -고 is more neutral than -아서/어서 in terms of cause.

Usually 관객 means audience in a collective sense, or spectator(s) depending on context.

In this sentence:

• 관객이 퇴장했어

it is most naturally understood as:

• the audience left
• the audience members exited

Korean often does not mark singular/plural as explicitly as English. If needed, you could make it more clearly plural with words like:

• 관객들이 퇴장했어 = the audience members left

But 관객이 is completely natural here.

Yes, you could reverse them, but the focus and flow would change.

Original:

• 앙코르가 끝나고 관객이 퇴장했어.

This presents the ending of the encore first, then the audience leaving.

You could also say:

• 관객이 퇴장했는데, 그전에 앙코르가 끝났어.
• 관객이 앙코르가 끝난 뒤에 퇴장했어.

If you simply reverse the clauses without changing the grammar carefully, it may sound less natural or change the time relationship. So the original sentence is a neat, natural way to show the sequence of events.