minna ha kenri wo motte imasu.

は marks the topic of the sentence. Here, みんなは means something like as for everyone.

So the sentence is structured like:

• みんなは = as for everyone
• 権利を持っています = have rights

A very natural English translation is just Everyone has rights, but the Japanese is built around a topic-comment structure.

Also, remember that は is written ha but pronounced wa here.

みんな usually means everyone or all people.

Depending on context, it can also mean:

• all of us
• all of you
• everybody

In this sentence, it most naturally means everyone in a general sense.

を marks the direct object of the verb.

Here:

• 権利 = rights
• を = object marker
• 持っています = have / are possessing

So 権利を持っています literally means possess rights or have rights.

権利 is read けんり.

It means right or rights, especially in the sense of:

• legal rights
• human rights
• entitlements
• claims someone is allowed to have

So in this sentence, it is talking about rights in a broad social, moral, or legal sense.

For the meaning to have / to possess, Japanese normally uses 持っている rather than 持つ or 持ちます.

Here is the difference:

• 持つ / 持ちます can mean to hold, to carry, or to possess
• 持っている / 持っています often means to be in possession of, so it is the usual form for have

So:

• 権利を持っています = have rights

This is very natural Japanese.

Not exactly.

Sometimes 〜ている does mean an action in progress, like I am eating. But in other cases, it describes a continuing state.

Here, 持っている means to be in a state of possessing something.

So this sentence does not mean:

• Everyone is currently holding rights in their hands

It means:

• Everyone has rights
• Everyone possesses rights

No. In this sentence, います is part of the grammar pattern 〜ています.

So 持っています should be understood as one unit:

• 持って
  • います = 持っています

It is not saying that rights exist. It is saying that people have rights.

The dictionary form is 持つ.

The steps are:

• dictionary form: 持つ
• て-form: 持って
• polite 〜ている form: 持っています

So:

• 持つ = to hold / to have
• 持っている = to be holding / to have
• 持っています = polite form of 持っている

The plain-form version is:

みんなは権利を持っている。

A more casual spoken version might also be:

みんなは権利を持ってる。

The meaning stays the same. The original sentence with 持っています is simply more polite.

Yes. Japanese nouns usually do not change form for singular and plural.

So 権利 can mean:

• a right
• rights

The context tells you which is more natural. In this sentence, English usually translates it as rights.

Because this sentence means everyone has rights, not everyone’s rights as a noun phrase.

Compare:

• みんなは権利を持っています。
  = Everyone has rights.

• みんなの権利
  = everyone’s rights

So の would create possession between nouns, but here the sentence is using a verb: have / possess.

Yes, but the nuance changes.

• みんなは権利を持っています。
  = As for everyone, they have rights.
  This sounds like a general statement or principle.

• みんなが権利を持っています。
  = Everyone has rights.
  This can sound more like emphasizing everyone as the subject.

In a broad statement like this, は is very natural.

No. Japanese is normally written without spaces.

The normal writing is:

みんなは権利を持っています。

Spaces are often added in teaching materials to help beginners see the parts of the sentence more clearly.

No. 持つ can be used both literally and abstractly.

Examples:

• かばんを持つ = to hold/carry a bag
• 責任を持つ = to have responsibility
• 権利を持つ = to have rights
• 自信を持つ = to have confidence

So in this sentence, it is an abstract possession, not physical holding.