Learn Hardcore Japanese: kotosi

Usages of kotosi

今年ことし　は　売うり上あげ　が　多少たしょう　上あがりました。kotosi ha uriage ga tasyou agarimasita.

今年ことし　は　まだ　旅行りょこう　に　行いって　いません。kotosi ha mada ryokou ni itte imasen.

今年ことし　の　春はる　の　連休れんきゅう　は　短みじかい　ので、　近ちかく　の　山やま　に　行いく　予定よてい　です。kotosi no haru no renkyuu ha mizikai node, tikaku no yama ni iku yotei desu.

This spring’s holiday break is short, so I plan to go to a nearby mountain.

息子むすこ　も　娘むすめ　も　外そと　で　スポーツ　を　するの　が　好すき　だ　から、　今年ことし　の　冬ふゆ　は　あまり　病気びょうき　に　ならない　と　いい　です。musuko mo musume mo soto de supootu wo suruno ga suki da kara, kotosi no huyu ha amari byouki ni naranai to ii desu.

Since both my son and daughter like playing sports outside, I hope they don’t get sick much this winter.

今年ことし　の　桜さくら　は　例年れいねん　より　早はやく　満開まんかい　に　なった　そう　です。kotosi no sakura ha reinen yori hayaku mankai ni natta sou desu.

I heard that this year’s cherry blossoms reached full bloom earlier than usual.

今年ことし　の　冬ふゆ　は　例年れいねん　より　寒さむい　です。kotosi no huyu ha reinen yori samui desu.

This winter is colder than usual.

兄あに　の　学校がっこう　は　去年きょねん　の　決勝けっしょう　で　負まけた　ので、　今年ことし　は　勝かちたい　と　みんな　が　言いって　いる。ani no gakkou ha kyonen no kessyou de maketa node, kotosi ha katitai to minna ga itte iru.

Because my older brother’s school lost in last year’s final, everyone says they want to win this year.

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“How do verb conjugations work in Japanese?”

Japanese verbs conjugate based on tense, politeness, and mood. For example, the polite present form adds ‑ます to the verb stem, while the past tense uses ‑ました. Unlike English, Japanese verbs don't change based on the subject — the same form works for "I", "you", and "they".

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