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de

でde
cause particle
FromLesson 12inHardcore Japanese
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Usages of de

今朝けさ　小ちいさな　地震じしん　で　電柱でんちゅう　が　少すこし　揺ゆれました。kesa tiisana zisin de dentyuu ga sukosi yuremasita.
This morning the utility pole shook a little because of a small earthquake.
風かぜ　で　窓まど　が　揺ゆれます。kaze de mado ga yuremasu.
The window shakes because of the wind.
明日あした、　彼女かのじょ　は　用事ようじ　で　向むこう　の　町まち　に　行いきます。asita, kanozyo ha youzi de mukou no mati ni ikimasu.
Tomorrow she will go to the town over there for an errand.
迷惑めいわく　を　かけたくないの　に、　急用きゅうよう　で　予定よてい通どおり　に　行いけなかった。meiwaku wo kaketakunaino ni, kyuuyou de yoteidoori ni ikenakatta.
I didn’t want to trouble anyone, but because of urgent business I couldn’t go as planned.
今日きょう　は　雨あめ　で　残念ざんねん　です。kyou ha ame de zannen desu.
It’s a shame it’s raining today.
その　とき、　看かん護ご師しさん　の　優やさしい　一ひと言こと　で　赤あかちゃん　が　笑わらって、　母はは親おや　は　とても　嬉うれしそう　だった。sono toki, kangosisan no yasasii hitokoto de akatyan ga waratte, hahaoya ha totemo uresisou datta.
At that moment, thanks to a kind comment from the nurse, the baby laughed and her mother looked very happy.
母はは　の　優やさしい　一言ひとこと　で　安心あんしんしました。haha no yasasii hitokoto de ansinsimasita.
I felt relieved by my mother's kind words.
上司じょうし　は、　部下ぶか　が　病気びょうき　で　入院にゅういんして　いる　間あいだ　は　無理むり　を　させない　よう　に　皆みんな　に　頼たのみました。zyousi ha, buka ga byouki de nyuuinsite iru aida ha muri wo sasenai you ni minna ni tanomimasita.
The boss asked everyone not to overwork their subordinate while he is hospitalized.
地震じしん　で　古ふるい　本棚ほんだな　が　倒たおれました。zisin de hurui hondana ga taoremasita.
Because of the earthquake, the old bookshelf fell over.
決心けっしんした　だけ　で　終おわらない　よう　に、　毎日まいにち　少すこしずつ　勉強べんきょう　を　続つづけて　います。kessinsita dake de owaranai you ni, mainiti sukosizutu benkyou wo tudukete imasu.
So that my decision doesn’t end at just being a decision, I keep studying a little every day.
その　ドラマ　は　生放送なまほうそう　で、　俳優はいゆうたち　の　台詞せりふ　の　ミス　も　そのまま　聞きこえて　きて　面白おもしろかった　です。sono dorama ha namahousou de, haiyuutati no serihu no misu mo sonomama kikoete kite omosirokatta desu.
That drama was broadcast live, and it was funny that we could hear the actors’ line mistakes just as they were.
その　まま　で　いい　です。sono mama de ii desu.
It is fine as it is.
残業ざんぎょう　で　帰かえり　が　遅おそい　日ひ　は、　扇風機せんぷうき　を　つけて　部屋へや　を　涼すずしく　しながら、　冷凍食品れいとうしょくひん　を　温あたためて　簡単かんたん　に　晩ばんご飯はん　を　すませます。zangyou de kaeri ga osoi hi ha, senpuuki wo tukete heya wo suzusiku sinagara, reitousyokuhin wo atatamete kantan ni bangohan wo sumasemasu.
On days when I come home late because of overtime, I turn on the fan to cool the room and just heat up frozen food to finish dinner simply.

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More from this lesson

yuuentiasita watasitati ha yuuenti ni ikimasu.syasinkakesikiyama no kesiki ha ii desu.yuuenti de watasi ha syasinka no tomodati to kesiki no syasin wo torimasu.yuuyakewatasi ha yuuyake wo minagara syasin wo torimasu.
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“How do verb conjugations work in Japanese?”
Japanese verbs conjugate based on tense, politeness, and mood. For example, the polite present form adds ‑ます to the verb stem, while the past tense uses ‑ました. Unlike English, Japanese verbs don't change based on the subject — the same form works for "I", "you", and "they".

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