shitsumon ga arimasu ka?

Do you have any questions?

Breakdown of shitsumon ga arimasu ka?

• か: question particle
• が: subject particle
• 質問しつもん: question
• ある: to have

Questions & Answers about shitsumon ga arimasu ka?

Why is が used instead of は in 質問がありますか？

In this sentence が marks the subject whose existence you’re asking about—“Is there a question?”
Using は would make 質問 the topic (“As for questions…”) and imply contrast or a known topic, which isn’t the focus here.

What does あります mean in 質問がありますか？

あります is the intransitive verb meaning “to exist” (for inanimate things).
So 質問がありますか？ literally asks “Does a question exist?” but functions as “Do you have any questions?”

Why is か placed at the end of the sentence?

か is the question particle that turns a statement into a yes/no question.
Without か (質問があります), it’s a plain statement (“There is a question”). Adding か makes it “Is there a question?”

How can ありますか mean “do you have” when it normally means “to exist”?

In Japanese, to ask if someone “has” something inanimate, you literally ask if that thing “exists” for them.
So Xがありますか = “Does X exist?” = “Do you have X?”

How would you say “Do you have any questions?” more explicitly with “any”?

Insert 何か (“anything/any”) before 質問:
何か質問がありますか？
This reads “Are there any questions?” or “Do you have any questions?”

Is 質問がありますか polite enough in a formal situation?

Yes, ありますか is polite/plain. For extra formality, use ございますか:
質問がございますか？

How can I say this in a casual way?

Use the plain form and drop the question particle:
質問ある？
This roughly means “Got any questions?” and is common in casual speech.