Breakdown of kono miti ha abunai desu ka?
はha
topic particle
ですdesu
to be
かka
question particle
このkono
this
道miti
road
危ないabunai
dangerous
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Questions & Answers about kono miti ha abunai desu ka?
Why do we use この before 道 instead of これ?
In Japanese, この is a demonstrative adjective meaning “this (noun)” and must directly modify a noun. これ is a demonstrative pronoun meaning “this one” and stands alone without a noun. Since you have the noun 道 (road), you use この to say “this road.”
Why is the particle は after 道? Could we use が instead?
は is the topic marker and frames the sentence as “As for this road…” It assumes shared context between speaker and listener. が is the subject marker and simply identifies what is dangerous. Using が (この道が危ないですか？) is grammatically fine but shifts the nuance to spotlighting the road itself rather than treating it as the conversational topic.
What is the role of です after the adjective 危ない?
危ない is an i-adjective meaning “dangerous.” In polite speech, you append です to verbs and adjectives to soften them. With i-adjectives, です doesn’t change the grammar, it just raises the politeness level. In plain style, you could say 危ないか？ or 危ない？
Why do we put か at the end? Can’t we just raise our intonation?
か is the standard question particle in polite and written Japanese. It clearly marks the sentence as a question. In casual spoken Japanese, you often drop か and rely on rising intonation:
• この道、危ない？
But in formal or written contexts, you keep か.
Is 危ない a verb? Why isn’t there a verb like “to be”?
No, 危ない is an i-adjective, not a verb. In Japanese, i-adjectives end with –い and can function as the predicate without any copula (“to be”). So 危ない already means “is dangerous.” To add politeness, you tack on です.
Can we make the sentence more casual or informal?
Yes. Here are common informal forms:
• Drop ですか and just raise intonation: この道、危ない？
• Use の instead of か (a bit feminine or soft): この道、危ないの？
• Keep は for topic but drop です: この道は危ない？
Why are there spaces in この 道 は 危ない です か？? Do you write Japanese like that?
Native Japanese writing doesn’t use spaces between words. The spaces here are only to help learners see each element. In real writing you’d write この道は危ないですか？ with no spaces.