Learn Hardcore Japanese: watasi ha sono mati wo sirimasen.

Although は is normally read “ha” inside words, when it functions as the topic particle it is always pronounced wa. This is simply a historical convention in Japanese: treat every instance of は as a particle with the pronunciation wa.

What role does は play after 私 in this sentence?

Here は is the topic marker. It tells us that 私 (“I”) is the theme of the statement—literally “As for me, ….” The rest of the sentence gives information about that topic.

What’s the difference between the topic marker は and the subject marker が?

は (wa): Introduces or shifts the topic; often used for known information or contrast.
が (ga): Marks the grammatical subject; often used to present new information or emphasize the doer of an action.
In our sentence, using は puts the focus on “me” as the speaker’s topic. If you said 私が知りません, it would emphasize “I (and not someone else) don’t know.”

Why is その used before 町 instead of この or あの?

その means “that (near you or previously mentioned)”—something known to both speaker and listener.

この = “this” (near the speaker)
あの = “that over there” (far from both)
Use その町 when you’re talking about “that town” you’ve already referenced or that your listener knows about.

What function does the particle を serve after 町?

を marks the direct object of the verb. Here, 町 (“town”) is what is being “known” or, in this case, “not known.”

Why is the verb 知りません used instead of the plain negative 知らない? What level of politeness is this?

知りません is the polite (～ます) negative form of 知る (“to know”), so it means “do not know” in a formal or courteous register.
知らない is the plain (dictionary) negative, used among friends or in informal writing.

What is the dictionary form of 知りません and how is it conjugated into this polite negative?

Dictionary form: 知る (しる) “to know”
Plain negative: 知らない (しらない)
Polite affirmative: 知ります (しります)
Polite negative: 知りません (しりません)

Conjugation pattern: remove the る of 知る, add り to form the stem 知り-, then attach ません.

How do you pronounce 町 and 知りません?

町 is read まち (not “ちょう” in this context).
知りません is read しりません.

Can 私 be omitted in this sentence? How would it sound?

Yes. In Japanese, you can drop the topic if it’s clear from context. The sentence becomes:
その町を知りません。
It still politely means “I don’t know that town,” with “I” understood.

Why does the verb come at the end of the sentence, whereas in English the verb often comes earlier?

Japanese follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order. That means the verb always appears at the end of the clause. In English (an SVO language), the verb often comes right after the subject.

How would you ask “Do you know that town?” in Japanese?

You’d use the polite question form of 知る in its “state” form:
その町を知っていますか？
Here, 知っています expresses “(you) know,” and か turns it into a yes-no question.