esazara ha tiisai.

It is usually read えざら.

• 餌 here is え
• 皿 is さら, but in compounds it often becomes ざら because of voicing called rendaku

So the full sentence is read:

えざらは ちいさい。

But remember: the particle は is pronounced わ, not は, in this sentence.

Here, は marks the topic of the sentence.

So 餌皿は小さい means something like:

• As for the feeding dish, it is small
• or more naturally in English, The feeding dish is small

Even though it is written は, when it is used as a particle, it is pronounced わ. This is just a standard rule in Japanese.

Because 小さい is an い-adjective, and い-adjectives can directly end a sentence.

So:

• 餌皿は小さい。 = The feeding dish is small.

You do not need だ after 小さい in plain style.

In fact, 小さいだ would be incorrect.

If you want to be polite, you can say:

• 餌皿は小さいです。

小さい is the basic dictionary form of an い-adjective. In this sentence, it is being used as a predicate, so it means is small.

This form can express:

• a present meaning: is small
• a general characteristic: is small

Related forms include:

• 小さくない = not small
• 小さかった = was small
• 小さくなかった = was not small

Both can be possible, but the nuance changes.

• 餌皿は小さい。
  = As for the feeding dish, it is small.
  This presents 餌皿 as the topic.

• 餌皿が小さい。
  = The feeding dish is small with more focus on the feeding dish itself, often as new information or as the thing being identified.

For a simple textbook-style statement, は is very natural.

The polite version is:

餌皿は小さいです。

This is the same sentence, just with です added for politeness.

So:

• plain: 餌皿は小さい。
• polite: 餌皿は小さいです。

Usually, no. Normal Japanese writing does not use spaces between words.

So the standard way to write it is:

餌皿は小さい。

Spaces are sometimes added in beginner materials to make the sentence easier to read, but they are not normally used in regular Japanese text.

Yes.

• 小さい餌皿 = a small feeding dish

That is different from:

• 餌皿は小さい。 = The feeding dish is small

So:

• before the noun: 小さい餌皿 describes the noun
• at the end of the sentence: 餌皿は小さい states something about the noun

Yes. 餌皿 is a compound noun made from:

• 餌 = feed, bait, animal food
• 皿 = plate, dish

Together, it means something like feeding dish, food dish, or pet bowl, depending on context.

So the structure of the whole sentence is:

• 餌皿 = noun
• は = topic marker
• 小さい = adjective/predicate

That gives:

餌皿は小さい。