zyuumintouroku wo suru.

住民登録 is a noun meaning resident registration.

It is made of two parts:

• 住民 = resident / inhabitant
• 登録 = registration

So together, it refers to the act or process of officially registering yourself as a resident with the local government.

を marks the direct object of the verb.

In 住民登録をする, the thing being done is 住民登録. So the structure is:

• 住民登録 = resident registration
• を = marks it as the object
• する = to do

So literally, this is to do resident registration.

In Japanese, many nouns can combine with する to make a verb. These are often called suru-verbs.

So:

• 登録 = registration
• 登録する = to register

Likewise:

• 住民登録 = resident registration
• 住民登録する = to register as a resident / to complete resident registration

Using する is very common when the action is expressed by a noun.

Yes. 住民登録する is also natural.

Both are possible:

• 住民登録をする
• 住民登録する

In many cases, the version without を sounds a little more compact and is very common. The version with を can feel slightly more explicit because it clearly marks 住民登録 as the object.

For a learner, it is good to recognize both patterns.

Yes, it can be.

It is in the plain non-past form, also called the dictionary form of the verb phrase. Depending on context, it can mean things like:

• I will register as a resident.
• To register as a resident.
• Register as a resident.

Japanese often leaves out information that English would normally state directly, such as the subject.

So by itself, this can be a complete sentence, but it can also appear as:

• a heading
• a checklist item
• a procedure step
• a dictionary/example sentence

It is omitted.

Japanese very often leaves out the subject when it is understood from context. So 住民登録をする。 does not explicitly say:

• I do it
• you do it
• they do it

The listener or reader figures that out from the situation.

That is completely normal in Japanese.

It is pronounced:

じゅうみんとうろく を する

More naturally in romanization:

juumin touroku o suru

A few notes:

• 住民 = じゅうみん
• 登録 = とうろく
• The particle を is usually pronounced o, even though it is written with the kana を
• する = suru

So when spoken, it sounds like juumin touroku o suru.

The polite present/future form is:

住民登録をします。

Other useful forms are:

• 住民登録をした。 = did resident registration
• 住民登録をしました。 = did resident registration (polite)
• 住民登録をしている。 = am doing / have done and am in that state, depending on context
• 住民登録をしてください。 = please do resident registration

No, Japanese normally does not use spaces like this in ordinary writing.

Normally it would be written:

住民登録をする。

Spaces are often added in learning materials to make the structure easier to see.

Yes.

• 登録する = to register
• 住民登録をする / 住民登録する = to register as a resident

登録する is more general and could refer to many kinds of registration, such as:

• registering for a service
• registering a product
• signing up for a website

住民登録 is much more specific: it refers to official resident registration.

Japanese plain non-past form covers both present and future, depending on context.

So 住民登録をする can mean:

• do resident registration
• will do resident registration

If it is talking about a habitual action, it can be present. If it is talking about a planned action, it can be future.

In real life, with this phrase, the future interpretation is often more natural, since resident registration is usually a specific action someone plans to do.