Learn Hardcore Italian: Le verdure, le affetto sottili sul tagliere. - The vegetables, I slice them thinly on the cutting board.

Yes, it’s grammatical as an example of left dislocation with clitic doubling: Le verdure, le affetto … The only thing you might tweak for style is the way you say “thinly.” More idiomatic options:

Le verdure, le affetto a fette sottili sul tagliere.
Le verdure, le affetto sottilmente sul tagliere. Using just sottili after a verb is common in speech (it’s an ellipsis for “a fette sottili”), but the two versions above are clearer in writing.

Why do we have both “Le verdure” and the pronoun “le”?

This is clitic doubling with left dislocation. Le verdure is the topic brought to the front, and le (them) is the required direct-object clitic inside the clause: it “hooks” the fronted object back into the sentence. Without the clitic, the dislocated construction sounds wrong.

Can I drop the clitic and just say “Le verdure, affetto…”?

No. In left dislocation you must keep the clitic: Le verdure, le affetto… If you don’t want the clitic, use the neutral order: Affetto le verdure (a fette sottili) sul tagliere.

Why is the clitic “le” and not “li”?

Because verdure is feminine plural. The direct-object clitics are: lo (m. sg.), la (f. sg.), li (m. pl.), le (f. pl.). For a masculine plural like “i pomodori,” you’d say: I pomodori, li affetto…

Where can the clitic go in other tenses or forms?

With a finite verb: it goes before the verb: Le affetto subito.
With a periphrastic form, you can choose:
- Before the auxiliary: Le sto affettando.
- Attached to the gerund/infinitive: Sto affettandole / Devo affettarle.
With affirmative imperatives: it attaches to the end: Affettale!
With negative imperatives (using the infinitive): Non affettarle!

Does “affetto” here mean “affection”?

No. Here affetto is the 1st person singular of the verb affettare (to slice): “I slice.” The noun affetto (affection) is a different word, though it’s a homograph. Context and the presence of the clitic make the meaning clear.

What’s the difference between “affettare” and “tagliare”?

Affettare = to slice (make slices): best for bread, salami, onions, etc.
Tagliare = to cut (general): broader and can mean chopping, cutting, trimming. In your sentence, affettare is ideal because you’re making thin slices.

Is “sottili” after a verb correct, or should it be “sottilmente”?

All three are used, but with different feels:

a fette sottili: the most explicit and natural in writing.
sottilmente: a clear adverb (“thinly”), slightly more formal.
sottili: common in speech; it’s elliptical for “a fette sottili.” In careful writing, prefer one of the first two.

Does “sottili” agree with “verdure”?

Not directly. In le affetto sottili, the plural sottili is understood to agree with the implied noun fette (slices): “le affetto (a fette) sottili.” That’s why “a fette sottili” is the clearest choice.

Why “sul tagliere” and not “sulla tagliere”?

Because tagliere (cutting board) is masculine singular: il tagliere. The contraction is su + il = sul. “Sulla” would be for feminine singular nouns.

Is the comma necessary after “Le verdure”?

It’s recommended. The comma marks the fronted topic (Le verdure) and separates it from the clause with the clitic (le affetto…). Without the comma it becomes harder to parse in writing, even if it’s natural in speech.

How would I say “I am slicing the vegetables” (right now) rather than a general habit?

Use the progressive or a present-time adverb:

Sto affettando le verdure (a fette sottili) sul tagliere.
Or: Adesso affetto le verdure… (present tense with an adverb of time).

How would the sentence change with different persons?

You (singular): Le verdure, le affetti a fette sottili sul tagliere.
He/She: Le verdure, le affetta…
We: Le verdure, le affettiamo…
You (plural): Le verdure, le affettate…
They: Le verdure, le affettano…

Is “la verdura” also possible, or must it be “le verdure”?

Both exist but differ in meaning:

La verdura often means “vegetables” in general (a mass noun).
Le verdure refers to individual vegetable items (plural, countable). If you mean specific items you’re slicing, le verdure is the natural choice. With the singular mass noun you’d say: La verdura, la affetto a fette sottili… (less common, and usually you’d specify which vegetable).