Io scrivo la lettera a mio cugino.

I write the letter to my cousin.

Breakdown of Io scrivo la lettera a mio cugino.

• io: I
• il mio: my
• il cugino: the cousin
• scrivere: to write
• a: to
• la lettera: the letter

Questions & Answers about Io scrivo la lettera a mio cugino.

Why is the pronoun Io used at the beginning? Isn’t it redundant?

In Italian the verb ending -o in scrivo already tells you the subject is “I.” We include Io only for emphasis or clarity, especially when you really want to stress who is doing the action. In everyday speech you can simply say Scrivo la lettera a mio cugino.

Why is there la before lettera? In English you’d say “write letter” without “the.”

Italian requires an article with most nouns. La is the definite article (“the”) matching the feminine singular noun lettera. We use la lettera because it’s a specific letter known to speaker and listener. If it were any letter, you’d say una lettera (“a letter”).

Why do we say a mio cugino and not just mio cugino?

Because a (‘to’) marks the indirect object in Italian. The verb scrivere takes both a direct object (what you write) and an indirect object (to whom you write). So a mio cugino tells you the recipient. Omitting a would leave the reader wondering how mio cugino relates to the action.

Can we replace a mio cugino with an indirect object pronoun?

Yes. The equivalent with an indirect object pronoun is
Io gli scrivo la lettera.
Here gli means “to him” and goes before the verb. If you drop Io, you get Gli scrivo la lettera.

Why is there no article before mio cugino (like il mio cugino)?

With singular, unmodified family members, Italian normally omits the definite article before a possessive adjective. Hence mio cugino, mia sorella, etc. If you add an adjective or want extra emphasis, you can re-introduce the article: il mio cugino carino or il mio cugino.

Can we change the word order to Scrivo a mio cugino la lettera?

Yes, Italian word order is fairly flexible. Putting the indirect object first is grammatically correct and sometimes used for rhythm or focus. However, the neutral/default order is Scrivo la lettera a mio cugino (direct object before indirect object).

Why do we use the preposition a instead of per before mio cugino?

A marks the person who receives the action (“to my cousin”). Per would mean “for my cousin” in the sense of purpose or benefit (“I wrote it on his behalf” or “for his use”), which is a different nuance. When you want to say you’re directing a letter at someone, you always use a.