Un ingegnere controlla la porta rotta.

An engineer checks the broken door.

Breakdown of Un ingegnere controlla la porta rotta.

• la porta: the door
• controllare: to check
• rotto: broken
• l’ingegnere: the engineer

Questions & Answers about Un ingegnere controlla la porta rotta.

Why is Un used here instead of Uno, Il, Lo, or La?

Un is the masculine singular indefinite article in Italian, used before most consonant-initial nouns.

• You would use uno only before masculine nouns starting with s+consonant, z, gn, ps, etc. (e.g. uno studente, uno psicologo).
• Il and lo are definite articles (“the”), while la is the feminine definite article.

Here, ingegnere is a masculine noun beginning with a consonant, so the correct indefinite form is un ingegnere.

Why does ingegnere end with -e, and how would you say “a female engineer”?

Ingegnere belongs to the third-declension group of nouns that end in -e in the singular and -i in the plural (masc. or fem. forms alike).

Singular/plural:
• un ingegnere → due ingegneri

To indicate a female engineer, you have two common options:

1. Keep the same noun and change the article:
   • un’ ingegnere or una ingegnere (epicene use)
2. Use the feminine ending -a (increasingly preferred):
   • un’ingegnera or una ingegnera

What does controlla mean here? Doesn’t it mean “controls”?

In everyday Italian, controllare most often means “to check,” “to inspect,” or “to examine,” not “to command.”
So controlla here is “he/she checks” or “he/she inspects.” Only in specialized contexts (e.g. remote systems) can it mean “to control” in the sense of operating something.

Why is controlla in the present tense instead of something like “checked” or “is checking”?

Italian uses the simple present (presente indicativo) for both habitual and ongoing actions.

• “He checks the broken door” = Un ingegnere controlla la porta rotta.
  If you want to emphasize a continuous action (“is checking”), you can use the progressive:
• Un ingegnere sta controllando la porta rotta.

Why is there a la before porta? Could we drop the article as in English sometimes?

In Italian, direct objects usually require an article:

• la porta (the door)
  If you want an indefinite object, you’d say una porta (a door).
  Dropping the article completely (controlla porta) is ungrammatical.
  If you want to speak in general terms about any broken door, use una porta rotta; here la porta rotta suggests a specific, known door.

Why is the adjective rotta instead of rotto?

Adjectives in Italian agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.

• porta is feminine singular → adjective must be feminine singular: rotta
  Masculine singular would be rotto, masculine plural rotti, and feminine plural rotte.

Why does rotta come after porta? Could it go before?

Most descriptive adjectives (and past participles used adjectivally) follow the noun in Italian:

• la porta rotta
  Placing rotta before (la rotta porta) is grammatically odd and would be interpreted differently or feel poetic/archaic.
  Some adjectives can precede the noun for emphasis or stylistic reasons (e.g. una grande porta vs. una porta grande), but rotta normally stays after.