Cambio la lampadina sul lampadario.

Cambio la lampadina sul lampadario.
I change the light bulb on the chandelier.
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Questions & Answers about Cambio la lampadina sul lampadario.

What does cambio mean here, and what tense/person is it?
Cambio is the first-person singular present tense of cambiare. It literally means “I change” or “I’m changing”. In Italian the present tense often covers both simple and continuous actions, so cambio la lampadina can be translated as either “I change the bulb” or “I’m changing the bulb.”
Why is la lampadina used with a definite article instead of una?
In Italian you usually use the definite article (la) when you and your listener know exactly which object you’re talking about. Here you’re talking about the specific bulb on the chandelier, so you say la lampadina (“the bulb”). If you were mentioning any bulb in general, you could say una lampadina (“a bulb”), but that would sound less natural in this context.
Why is there no preposition before la lampadina (as in “I change the bulb” without “to” or “for”)?
The verb cambiare is transitive here, so it takes a direct object with no extra preposition. You simply say cambiare + [direct object], e.g. cambio la lampadina. In English we sometimes say “change the bulb” without an added preposition too.
Why do we use sul and not su il or another preposition?
Sul is the contraction of su + il (“on the”). Italians routinely contract su + il → sul, di + il → del, and so on. You need su (“on”) to express where the bulb is placed—“on the chandelier.”
Could you use a different preposition like sopra or in instead of su?
While sopra also means “above/on,” su is far more common in these kinds of expressions. Saying sopra il lampadario sounds a bit heavy or literary. Su is simple and idiomatic. In wouldn’t work here because a bulb isn’t inside the chandelier—it sits on or is screwed into it.
What’s the difference between lampadina and lampadario?

They share the root lampad- from lampada (“lamp”), but:

  • Lampadina is a diminutive formed with -ina, meaning “small lamp” or lightbulb.
  • Lampadario uses the suffix -ario, indicating a device related to lamps, namely a chandelier or hanging light fixture.
Can I say sostituisco la lampadina sul lampadario instead of cambio la lampadina?
Yes. Sostituire (“to substitute/replace”) is a direct synonym here. Sostituisco la lampadina is perfectly correct and maybe slightly more formal. Cambio is more colloquial.
Could I drop the article and say cambio lampadina sul lampadario?
No. Italian normally requires the article with concrete, countable objects in specific contexts. Omitting la would sound odd or ungrammatical. Always say cambio la lampadina when you mean “I change the bulb.”