Il temporale improvviso spaventa il cane nel giardino.

The sudden storm scares the dog in the garden.

Breakdown of Il temporale improvviso spaventa il cane nel giardino.

• il cane: the dog
• in: in
• il giardino: the garden
• improvviso: sudden
• spaventare: to scare
• il temporale: the storm

Questions & Answers about Il temporale improvviso spaventa il cane nel giardino.

Why is the definite article il used before temporale? Could we use un temporale instead?

In Italian, il indicates a specific storm (the one you’re talking about). If you use un temporale improvviso, you’d say “A sudden storm frightens the dog” in general. Also, singular countable nouns normally require an article in Italian, so you can’t drop it completely.

Why is the adjective improvviso placed after temporale? Can I put it before the noun?

Descriptive adjectives typically follow the noun in Italian: temporale improvviso. You can place improvviso before the noun for emphasis or style, but then you must contract the article: l’improvviso temporale (note the elision of il).

Who is the subject of spaventa, and why is it 3rd person singular?

The subject is il temporale improvviso (the sudden storm), which is singular. Spaventare in the present indicative goes io spavento – tu spaventi – lui/lei spaventa, so spaventa agrees with the singular subject temporale.

Why is spaventa in the present tense? Shouldn’t it be past if the storm already happened?

Italian often uses the present tense to state general truths or to make narration more vivid (the “historic present”). If you want to refer to a specific past event, you’d switch to passato prossimo: Il temporale improvviso ha spaventato il cane.

What’s the difference between nel giardino, in giardino, and al giardino?

• nel giardino = in + il giardino, meaning in the garden (a particular one).
• in giardino (no article) is more generic: “in a garden” or “in gardens” in general.
• al giardino = a + il giardino is grammatically correct but less idiomatic; Italians prefer in giardino or nel giardino when they want to specify.

Can I make this sentence passive or reflexive?

Yes.

• Passive: Il cane è spaventato dall’improvviso temporale nel giardino (da + l’ = dall’).
• Reflexive/intransitive: Il cane si spaventa per il temporale, meaning “the dog gets frightened by the storm” (the focus shifts onto the dog’s reaction).

What’s the difference between spaventare and fare paura?

• Spaventare is a direct transitive verb: il temporale spaventa il cane.
• Fare paura is a periphrasis: il temporale fa paura al cane (you need a + il = al before cane).
  Both mean “to frighten,” but spaventare is more direct, while fare paura uses the structure “to make fear.”