Io insegno a mio cugino suonare il pianoforte.

I teach my cousin to play the piano.

Breakdown of Io insegno a mio cugino suonare il pianoforte.

• io: I
• il mio: my
• il cugino: the cousin
• suonare: to play
• il pianoforte: the piano
• a: to
• insegnare: to teach

Questions & Answers about Io insegno a mio cugino suonare il pianoforte.

What does Io mean, and why is it included even though Italian usually drops subject pronouns?

Io is the first-person singular subject pronoun, meaning I. Although Italian is a pro-drop language where the subject is often omitted because the verb’s ending indicates who is performing the action, including Io adds emphasis or clarity.

Why is the indirect object expressed as a mio cugino instead of contracting it to al mio cugino?

In Italian, when referring to a person using a possessive adjective (like mio), the preposition a is not contracted with the article. This rule results in a mio cugino rather than al mio cugino, maintaining clarity about the relationship.

Why is suonare in its infinitive form after insegno, and what function does suonare il pianoforte serve in the sentence?

When one verb governs another in Italian—especially with verbs like insegnare (to teach)—the second verb is typically expressed in the infinitive. In this case, suonare il pianoforte acts as a complement detailing the action being taught, corresponding to “to play the piano” in English.

Could the word order be rearranged, for example, placing suonare il pianoforte before a mio cugino?

Yes, Italian word order is quite flexible. While the sentence Io insegno a mio cugino suonare il pianoforte is standard, you might also encounter variations like Io insegno suonare il pianoforte a mio cugino. The change in order can shift the emphasis subtly, but the overall meaning remains the same.

What role does the preposition a play in this sentence?

The preposition a introduces the indirect object in the sentence. It indicates that mio cugino is the recipient of the action—mirroring the English structure “I teach my cousin” where the action of teaching is directed to someone.

Is it grammatically acceptable to omit the subject pronoun Io in this sentence?

Yes, it is perfectly acceptable to omit Io because Italian is a pro-drop language. The verb insegno clearly indicates the first-person singular, so the subject pronoun is optional. Including it, however, can provide additional emphasis or clarity.