Io ho almeno due cugini.

I have at least two cousins.

Breakdown of Io ho almeno due cugini.

• io: I
• avere: to have
• il cugino: the cousin
• due: two
• almeno: at least

Questions & Answers about Io ho almeno due cugini.

Why is the pronoun Io explicitly stated even though Italian often drops subject pronouns?

Italian is considered a pro-drop language because the verb conjugation typically makes the subject clear. In this sentence, including Io (meaning “I”) adds emphasis or clarity, highlighting that it is specifically I who have at least two cousins. This is especially common when the speaker wants to contrast with someone else or stress their personal involvement.

What does the adverb almeno mean in this sentence, and why is it positioned before due cugini?

Almeno translates as “at least” in English. It is used to specify that the minimum number of cousins is two, although there might be more. Placing almeno before due cugini clearly modifies the numeral due (two), ensuring that it applies to the quantity of cousins mentioned.

Does the form cugini indicate a specific gender, and what would change if all cousins were female?

Yes, cugini is the masculine plural form in Italian. It is used when referring to a group that is either entirely male or mixed in gender. If all the cousins were female, the feminine plural form cugine would be used instead.

Is it grammatically correct to omit the subject pronoun Io in this sentence, and what difference does it make?

Yes, it is perfectly grammatical to say "Ho almeno due cugini" without the subject pronoun because the verb ho (I have) already indicates the subject. However, including Io can be a stylistic choice for emphasis or clarity, particularly when contrasting the speaker with others.

Why is there no article before due cugini in Italian, and how does that compare to English usage?

In Italian, when a numeral like due (two) is used to specify a quantity, it typically does not require a definite or indefinite article before the noun. Thus, due cugini is the natural phrasing for “two cousins.” In English, although articles are common, the structure “I have two cousins” similarly does not use an additional article before “two.”