Kakek berjalan dengan tongkat.

Kakek most commonly means grandfather.

But in real usage, it can also refer more generally to an elderly man, depending on context. So if you see kakek by itself, it may mean:

• grandfather
• an old man
• a respectful way to refer to an elderly male

In this sentence, the intended meaning is often understood from context.

Indonesian usually does not use articles like English a, an, or the.

So:

• kakek can mean grandfather, a grandfather, or the grandfather
• tongkat can mean a cane, the cane, or just cane/stick

You figure out which one is meant from context. This is very normal in Indonesian.

Berjalan is the verb to walk.

It is built from the root jalan, which often relates to:

• road
• way
• to go / to proceed in some contexts

The prefix ber- often forms intransitive verbs, especially actions done by the subject without a direct object. So:

• jalan = road / way / path, and sometimes an informal verb
• berjalan = to walk

In careful or standard Indonesian, berjalan is the normal form here.

Dengan usually means with.

In this sentence, dengan tongkat means with a cane or using a cane.

So dengan can show:

• accompaniment: with someone
• manner: with care
• instrument: with / using something

Here it shows the instrument or aid used for walking.

Tongkat literally means stick, staff, or cane, depending on context.

So in different sentences it could mean:

• a walking cane
• a stick
• a staff

In Kakek berjalan dengan tongkat, English usually translates it as cane, because that sounds most natural for an elderly person walking.

Yes, but the original order is the most neutral and natural:

• Kakek berjalan dengan tongkat.

You might also hear or see variations such as:

• Kakek berjalan memakai tongkat. = Grandfather walks using a cane.
• Dengan tongkat, kakek berjalan. = With a cane, grandfather walks.
  This sounds more marked or literary.

So Indonesian word order is somewhat flexible, but the basic subject + verb + other information order is usually best for learners.

Yes, in casual speech, many people say jalan instead of berjalan.

So:

• Kakek berjalan dengan tongkat. = more standard / formal
• Kakek jalan dengan tongkat. = more casual / conversational

Both are understandable. If you are learning standard Indonesian, berjalan is the safer form to use first.

No. A very common alternative is memakai tongkat, which means using a cane.

For example:

• Kakek berjalan dengan tongkat.
• Kakek berjalan memakai tongkat.

Both are natural. The difference is small:

• dengan tongkat = with a cane
• memakai tongkat = using a cane

The second one can sound a little more explicit about actually using it.

It can mean either one.

Indonesian verbs do not change form the way English verbs do, so berjalan does not by itself tell you whether the action is:

• happening now
• habitual
• generally true

So Kakek berjalan dengan tongkat could mean:

• Grandfather is walking with a cane
• Grandfather walks with a cane

Context tells you which meaning is intended.

If you want to make right now clearer, you could add something like:

• sedang = currently

Example:

• Kakek sedang berjalan dengan tongkat. = Grandfather is walking with a cane.

Kakek is pronounced roughly kah-kek.

A few useful notes:

• both a sounds are like a in father
• the final e in -kek is a schwa-like sound, similar to the a in sofa
• the last k is often unreleased or very light in normal Indonesian speech

So learners often hear it approximately as kah-kek.

The repeated -kek is just part of the word; it is not a grammatical ending.

If Kakek is at the beginning of the sentence, it is capitalized because it is the first word.

But kakek is normally not a proper noun by itself, so in the middle of a sentence it would usually be lowercase:

• Saya melihat kakek berjalan dengan tongkat.

However, if someone uses Kakek as a form of address or almost like a title, capitalization may sometimes appear in certain contexts, especially informal writing.