Tubuh dan jiwa perlu istirahat.

• tubuh = body
• dan = and
• jiwa = soul, spirit, inner self, sometimes mind/psyche depending on context
• perlu = need, necessary
• istirahat = rest

So the structure is basically:

Tubuh dan jiwa + perlu + istirahat
= Body and soul need rest / It is necessary for body and soul to rest

Indonesian does not use an infinitive marker like English to.

In English, we say need to rest. In Indonesian, you can simply say:

• perlu istirahat
• harus istirahat
• ingin makan

There is no extra word between perlu and istirahat. The second word just follows directly.

It can feel like both, and that is very normal in Indonesian.

• As a noun, istirahat = rest
• In sentences like this, it can also function in a verb-like way: to rest

So perlu istirahat can be understood as either:

• need rest
• need to rest

Indonesian often allows this kind of flexibility more than English does.

Both are possible, but they are slightly different in feel.

• istirahat is very common and natural
• beristirahat is more explicitly verbal, meaning to rest

So these are both fine:

• Tubuh dan jiwa perlu istirahat.
• Tubuh dan jiwa perlu beristirahat.

The version without ber- is shorter and very natural in everyday Indonesian.

Perlu means something like need or necessary.

In this sentence, it works as the predicate of the sentence:

• Tubuh dan jiwa = the subject
• perlu istirahat = the predicate

A very literal way to think of it is:

• Body and soul need rest
• or For body and soul, rest is necessary

So perlu is not quite used like a fully conjugated English verb. It behaves more like a predicate word meaning necessary/needed.

Indonesian often leaves out the copula, where English would use is or are.

For example:

• Dia sakit. = He/she is sick.
• Rumah itu besar. = That house is big.
• Tubuh dan jiwa perlu istirahat. = Body and soul need rest.

You do not normally insert adalah here.

Normally, no.

Adalah is mostly used in formal definitions or when linking one noun phrase to another. It is not usually used before adjectives or verb-like predicates.

So:

• Indonesia adalah negara besar. = Indonesia is a big country.
  This is fine because negara besar is a noun phrase.

But:

• Tubuh dan jiwa adalah perlu istirahat
  This sounds wrong.

The natural sentence is simply:

• Tubuh dan jiwa perlu istirahat.

Not always exactly.

Jiwa can mean:

• soul
• spirit
• inner life
• psyche

In the phrase tubuh dan jiwa, it often has a broad meaning similar to English body and soul, and sometimes even body and mind/spirit depending on context.

So it is a common pair, not just a narrowly religious word.

Indonesian does not have articles like English a, an, or the.

So tubuh can mean:

• a body
• the body
• body

And jiwa can mean:

• a soul
• the soul
• soul

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, it sounds general: a statement about body and soul in general.

Usually, you do not mark singular/plural on nouns in Indonesian unless needed.

So tubuh can mean:

• body
• bodies

And jiwa can mean:

• soul
• souls

Here, the sentence is best understood as a general statement, not something that strongly emphasizes number. English forces you to choose more clearly, but Indonesian often does not.

By itself, it is most naturally a general statement: body and soul need rest.

If you wanted to make it specific, Indonesian would usually add something:

• Tubuh dan jiwa itu perlu istirahat. = That body and soul / the body and soul need rest.
• Tubuh dan jiwamu perlu istirahat. = Your body and soul need rest.
• Tubuh dan jiwanya perlu istirahat. = His/her body and soul need rest.

So the original sentence is unspecific unless context tells you otherwise.

Yes. That is also correct.

Compare:

• Tubuh dan jiwa perlu istirahat.
• Tubuh dan jiwa membutuhkan istirahat.
• Tubuh dan jiwa memerlukan istirahat.

Differences:

• perlu istirahat = compact, very natural, slightly less verb-heavy
• membutuhkan istirahat = clearly need rest
• memerlukan istirahat = also need rest, a bit more formal/literary than membutuhkan

All are grammatical.

The original order is the most straightforward and natural:

• Tubuh dan jiwa perlu istirahat.

But other structures are possible for style or emphasis, for example:

• Bagi tubuh dan jiwa, istirahat itu perlu.
  = For body and soul, rest is necessary.

• Perlu istirahat bagi tubuh dan jiwa.
  = Rest is needed for body and soul.

These sound more formal or stylistically marked. For normal use, the original sentence is best.

Yes. It is a familiar pairing in Indonesian, much like body and soul in English.

It suggests the physical side and the inner/emotional/spiritual side together. So the sentence is not only about physical rest; it can also imply emotional, mental, or spiritual rest, depending on context.