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Kami mulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini.

Kami mulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini.
We begin fitness training this morning.

Breakdown of Kami mulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini.

kami
we
pagi ini
this morning
latihan kebugaran
the fitness training
mulai
to begin
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Questions & Answers about Kami mulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini.

What is the difference between kami and kita, and why is kami used here?

Indonesian has two words for we:

  • kami = we (not including the person spoken to) → exclusive we
  • kita = we (including the person spoken to) → inclusive we

In Kami mulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini, kami implies:

  • The speaker and their group started fitness training.
  • The listener is not part of that group.

If the speaker wanted to include the listener (for example, a coach talking to their team), they would say:

  • Kita mulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini.
    We (you and I / all of us here) start/started fitness training this morning.
Does mulai here mean started (past) or start (present)? Why is there no tense marking?

Indonesian verbs usually don’t change form for tense. The verb mulai itself is neutral; it can mean:

  • start / are starting (present)
  • started / have started (past)
  • will start (future), depending on context

Tense is understood from time expressions and context. In this sentence:

  • pagi ini = this morning / this morning (today)

So Kami mulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini will often be interpreted in context as:

  • We started fitness training this morning. (if you’re speaking later in the day)
  • or We are starting fitness training this morning. (if you’re talking about today’s plan)

If you really want to make the past more explicit, you can add tadi:

  • Kami mulai latihan kebugaran tadi pagi.
    We started fitness training earlier this morning.
What is the difference between mulai and memulai? Can I say Kami memulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini?

Both are related to starting, but they behave a bit differently:

  • mulai

    • Can be a verb: to start
      • Kami mulai latihan. – We start/started practice.
    • Can be a preposition-like word meaning starting from:
      • Mulai besok, kami latihan setiap hari. – Starting tomorrow, we train every day.

  • memulai is the active transitive verb form (with the prefix meN-):

    • More clearly “to start (something)”
    • Almost always followed by a direct object
    • Sounds a bit more formal/written in many contexts.

You can say:

  • Kami memulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini.

It’s grammatically correct and means essentially the same thing. Compared to mulai:

  • Kami mulai... sounds slightly simpler, more colloquial.
  • Kami memulai... sounds a bit more formal or deliberate.
What exactly does latihan kebugaran mean? Is it like “exercise”, “workout”, or “fitness training”?

latihan kebugaran is best understood as fitness training / fitness exercises / workout.

  • latihan = practice, training, exercise (a noun)
  • kebugaran = fitness (physical well-being)

So latihan kebugaran is:

  • training aimed at improving physical fitness,
  • like gym workouts, aerobic exercises, strength training, etc.

Some similar expressions:

  • latihan fisik – physical training
  • olahraga – sports / exercise in general
  • latihan olahraga – sports training

But latihan kebugaran focuses specifically on fitness (not necessarily playing a sport).

Why is there no word for “a” or “the” before latihan kebugaran?

Indonesian normally does not use articles like a, an, or the.

So:

  • latihan kebugaran can mean:
    • a fitness training session
    • the fitness training
    • fitness training (in general)

Which one is meant depends on context, not on an article.

If you want to be explicit, you use other words, like:

  • sebuah latihan kebugaran – a (single) fitness training session (more written/formal)
  • latihan kebugaran itu – that/the fitness training (previously mentioned)
Why is it pagi ini and not ini pagi? How does the word order work?

In time expressions, the usual order is:

  • [time word] + ini = this [time]

Some common patterns:

  • pagi ini – this morning
  • siang ini – this afternoon (midday)
  • malam ini – tonight / this evening
  • hari ini – today
  • minggu ini – this week

ini pagi is not natural for this morning.
ini normally comes after the noun it modifies.

So the correct phrase is:

  • pagi ini, not ini pagi.
Can I put pagi ini at the beginning of the sentence? For example, Pagi ini kami mulai latihan kebugaran?

Yes, you can. Indonesian word order is quite flexible with time expressions.

Both are correct:

  • Kami mulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini.
  • Pagi ini kami mulai latihan kebugaran.

They mean the same thing.
Putting pagi ini at the beginning just adds a bit of emphasis on “this morning”.

Should there be a preposition like di before pagi ini (e.g. di pagi ini)?

For simple time expressions like this morning, Indonesian usually does not need a preposition.

Correct/natural:

  • Kami mulai latihan kebugaran pagi ini.

Using di with pagi ini:

  • di pagi ini is generally not natural in everyday Indonesian for “this morning.”

You might see di pagi hari (“in the morning”) in more descriptive or literary language, but:

  • Pagi ini kami mulai latihan...
    is the most natural way to say “This morning we started training...”
What’s the difference between pagi ini and tadi pagi?

Both relate to this morning, but with different focus:

  • pagi ini

    • Literally: this morning (today)
    • Can refer to the time in general today in the morning, including now if it’s still morning, or as part of today’s schedule.

  • tadi pagi

    • Literally: earlier this morning
    • Usually used when the action is already completed earlier in the morning, and you’re talking about it later (often when it’s now afternoon/evening).

Examples:

  • At 8 a.m., making a plan:

    • Pagi ini kami mulai latihan kebugaran.
      We’re starting fitness training this morning.

  • At 3 p.m., describing what happened:

    • Kami mulai latihan kebugaran tadi pagi.
      We started fitness training earlier this morning.
Is there a more casual or everyday way to say latihan kebugaran?

Yes, in everyday speech people might say:

  • latihan – practice / training (the context makes it clear it’s fitness)
  • latihan fisik – physical training
  • olahraga pagi – morning exercise
  • nge-gym (colloquial, from “gym”)
    • Kami mulai nge-gym pagi ini. – We started going to the gym this morning.

latihan kebugaran is clear and correct, and can sound neutral to slightly formal/standard.