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Para panitia bahu-membahu menempel jadwal pelatihan di papan pengumuman.

Para panitia bahu-membahu menempel jadwal pelatihan di papan pengumuman.
The committee members work shoulder to shoulder to put up the training schedule on the bulletin board.
FromLesson 39inHardcore Indonesian
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Questions & Answers about Para panitia bahu-membahu menempel jadwal pelatihan di papan pengumuman.

What does “para” add in “para panitia”? Why not just “panitia”?
  • para is a plural marker used mostly for people. panitia can mean “a committee” (as a unit) or “the committee members” depending on context.
  • para panitia makes it explicit you mean the people who are on the committee (i.e., the committee members).
  • Without para, panitia could be read as the committee as an entity. With para, you’re clearly talking about multiple individuals.
Is “panitia” singular or plural? How do I say “committees” vs “committee members”?
  • panitia is a collective noun; it can be singular or plural from context.
  • “Committees” (more than one committee): panitia-panitia (reduplication marks plural of the noun itself).
  • “Committee members” (plural people in one committee): para panitia.
  • Don’t mix them: avoid forms like “para panitia-panitia”.
Do I need a word for “the” here, like “the committee members”?
  • Indonesian has no articles (“a/the”). Definiteness is inferred from context.
  • If you need to make it explicit, add a demonstrative:
    • para panitia itu = those/the committee members (already known or previously mentioned)
    • para panitia tersebut = those aforementioned committee members (more formal)
What exactly does “bahu-membahu” mean? Is it formal? Any near-synonyms?
  • Literally “shoulder–to–shoulder.” Idiomatically: working together closely, helping one another.
  • Register: neutral to slightly formal; common in news, speeches, and general writing.
  • Near-synonyms and nuances:
    • bekerja sama = cooperate (neutral)
    • bergotong-royong = communal cooperation, often hands-on/community vibe
    • saling membantu = help one another
    • bersama-sama = together (focus on doing it together, not necessarily mutual assistance)
Why is “bahu-membahu” hyphenated? Can I write “bahu membahu”?
  • Standard spelling uses a hyphen when a reduplicated form carries an affix on only one element: bahu-membahu (from bahu
    • membahu).
  • You’ll see “bahu membahu” in informal writing, but bahu-membahu is the recommended standard.
  • Other parallels: tolong-menolong, tegur-menegur, tukar-menukar.
Where does “bahu-membahu” go in the sentence? Could it come after the verb?
  • It’s a manner adverbial and most naturally appears right after the subject: Para panitia bahu-membahu menempel ...
  • You’ll also hear it right after a pronoun subject: Mereka bahu-membahu menempel ...
  • Placing it at the very end is possible but less natural. Don’t insert secara before it; it’s already an idiomatic adverbial.
Should it be “menempel” or “menempelkan” here? What’s the difference?
  • menempel = to be/stick/cling (often intransitive: something sticks to something).
  • menempelkan = to attach/stick something (transitive, causative).
  • Patterns:
    • Intransitive: Jadwal itu menempel di papan. (The schedule is sticking on the board.)
    • Active transitive (more careful/standard): Mereka menempelkan jadwal di papan.
    • Everyday usage often uses menempel transitively: Mereka menempel jadwal di papan. (common and widely accepted in speech)
    • Passive: Jadwal (di)tempel(kan) di papan (oleh mereka).
  • In formal writing, prefer menempelkan + object + di/pada ....
What is the root of “menempel,” and why does the “t” from “tempel” disappear?
  • Root: tempel “to stick.”
  • The prefix meN- assimilates: with roots starting with t, the t drops and the prefix becomes men- → menempel (not “mentempel”).
  • Other examples:
    • meN- + tulis → menulis (t drops)
    • meN- + sapu → menyapu (s drops)
    • meN- + pakai → memakai (p drops)
    • meN- + kirim → mengirim (k drops)
    • meN- + baca → membaca (b keeps, prefix becomes mem-)
Why is it “di papan pengumuman” and not “ke papan pengumuman”?
  • di marks location (“at/on/in”).
  • ke marks movement/direction (“to/into/onto”).
  • You use di because the final location is on the board. If you were describing movement toward the board (e.g., walking over), you’d use ke.
Can I use “pada” instead of “di” with “papan pengumuman”?
  • pada is more formal and common with abstract objects, pronouns, and times.
  • With concrete locations, di is the natural default: di papan pengumuman.
  • menempelkan ... pada papan pengumuman is grammatical but sounds bookish; everyday Indonesian prefers di.
What does “papan pengumuman” literally mean? Any other common ways to say “notice board”?
  • papan = board; pengumuman = announcement → “announcement board.”
  • Alternatives:
    • papan informasi / papan buletin = bulletin board
    • mading (short for majalah dinding, very common in schools/universities)
Why is it “jadwal pelatihan” and not “pelatihan jadwal”?
  • In Indonesian noun phrases, the head comes first, modifiers follow.
  • jadwal pelatihan = schedule (of) training.
  • pelatihan jadwal would mean training about schedules (odd in most contexts).
What’s the difference between “latihan” and “pelatihan”?
  • latihan = practice, rehearsal (the activity of practicing).
  • pelatihan = a training session/program/course (an organized event).
  • Examples: latihan sepak bola (soccer practice) vs pelatihan manajemen (a management training).
How would I make this sentence passive?
  • Natural passives:
    • Jadwal pelatihan ditempel di papan pengumuman (oleh para panitia).
    • Jadwal pelatihan ditempelkan di papan pengumuman (oleh para panitia).
  • Both ditempel and ditempelkan are used; ditempelkan makes the causative idea explicit. The agent with oleh is optional.
Any spacing rule I should watch for with “di” here?
  • As a preposition (location), di is written separately: di papan.
  • As a passive prefix, di- attaches to the verb: ditempel(kan).
  • So: di papan but ditempel, never “di tempel.”
Could I replace “para panitia” with a pronoun?
  • Yes:
    • Mereka = they
    • Kami = we (exclusive: not including the listener)
    • Kita = we (inclusive: including the listener)
  • Example: Mereka bahu-membahu menempel(kan) jadwal pelatihan di papan pengumuman.
Is “bahu-membahu” only for people, or can it be used for organizations too?
  • It’s most natural with human agents, but it’s often extended metaphorically to groups/organizations:
    • Perusahaan-perusahaan itu bahu-membahu membantu korban banjir. (acceptable)
What’s the register of the original sentence, and how could I say it more formal or more casual?
  • Original is neutral.
  • More formal: Para panitia bekerja sama menempelkan jadwal pelatihan pada papan pengumuman.
  • More casual: Panitia bareng-bareng nempel jadwal pelatihan di papan pengumuman.
    • Notes: bareng-bareng (together), nempel (colloquial for menempel).

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