Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Panitia menjelaskan dampak perubahan jadwal pada latihan. - The committee explains the impact of the schedule change on practice.

Panitia means “the organizing committee/organizers.” It’s a collective noun. Indonesian doesn’t mark articles (no “the/a”), and number is inferred from context. You can talk about:

the group: panitia / pihak panitia (the committee as a party/side)
the members: anggota panitia or para panitia (the committee members; para = plural for people) To talk about multiple different committees, you can say panitia-panitia or berbagai panitia.

Do I need to say menjelaskan tentang? I often see “explain about” in Indonesian.

With menjelaskan, you don’t need tentang if you already have a direct object. So:

Correct and preferred: Panitia menjelaskan dampak…
Also heard but wordier: Panitia menjelaskan tentang dampak… (acceptable in everyday use, but many style guides consider the tentang redundant) If the object is a clause, use bahwa:
Panitia menjelaskan bahwa… (“The committee explained that…”)

Why is it pada latihan and not di latihan?

pada marks the target/subject of an effect, time points, or abstract relations. With nouns like dampak/pengaruh/efek, use pada: dampak … pada latihan (“impact on the training”).
di is primarily spatial (“at/in/on” a location). di latihan would mean “at the practice venue/session,” not “on the practice (as a target).”

Could I use terhadap instead of pada here?

Yes. Both are fine:

dampak … pada latihan (neutral and common)
dampak … terhadap latihan (a bit more formal, often used in reports) Avoid dampak … kepada latihan; kepada is for people/animate recipients.

What exactly does dampak perubahan jadwal mean structurally?

It’s a noun–noun chain that works like “the impact of the schedule change”:

dampak = impact/effect (noun)
perubahan = change (from root ubah with peN- -an)
jadwal = schedule So it’s “impact [of] schedule change.” You can also say dampak dari perubahan jadwal; adding dari is common, especially when the modifier is long, though not strictly necessary.

Does pada latihan modify dampak or perubahan jadwal?

It modifies dampak, giving “the impact on the training.” If you wanted “a change in the training schedule,” you’d phrase it differently:

perubahan pada jadwal latihan = a change in the training schedule
perubahan jadwal latihan = a change to the training’s schedule (genitive-like chain)

How else can I phrase the second half (“the impact of the schedule change on the practice”)?

Several natural options:

Use a clause with berdampak (verb): … bahwa perubahan jadwal berdampak pada/terhadap latihan.
Use memengaruhi/mempengaruhi (verb “to affect”): … bagaimana perubahan jadwal memengaruhi latihan.
Note: memengaruhi is the recommended spelling; mempengaruhi is very common and widely accepted.
Use pengaruh (noun “influence/effect”): … pengaruh perubahan jadwal terhadap/pada latihan.

What’s the difference between perubahan, pergantian, and penjadwalan ulang?

perubahan = change (general; any kind of alteration)
- Ada perubahan jadwal rapat. (There’s a change to the meeting schedule.)
pergantian = replacement/substitution (swapping one thing for another)
- Terjadi pergantian jadwal piket. (The duty roster was swapped.)
penjadwalan ulang = rescheduling (explicitly scheduling again)
- Pertemuan dijadwalkan ulang ke Senin. (The meeting was rescheduled to Monday.)

How is menjelaskan formed, and why does it use -kan?

Root jelas (clear) + prefix meN- + suffix -kan → menjelaskan (“to make clear, explain”).

meN- assimilates to men- before words starting with j: jelas → menjelaskan.
-kan often marks a causative/transitive sense (“make X [adjective]”), hence “explain.”
There’s no standard menjelasi form; with jelas we use menjelaskan.

How would I say this in the passive?

Use di- passive on the verb:

Dampak perubahan jadwal pada latihan dijelaskan (oleh) panitia. You can include oleh panitia (by the committee) or omit oleh if the agent is understood. For completed events: … telah/sudah dijelaskan …

How do I express past, present, or future? Indonesian doesn’t show tense here.

Add time/aspect markers or time expressions:

Past/completed: sudah/telah — Panitia sudah/telah menjelaskan…
Progressive: sedang — Panitia sedang menjelaskan…
Future: akan — Panitia akan menjelaskan…; or a time word: besok, nanti, tadi, kemarin, etc.

What’s the difference between latihan and pelatihan?

latihan = practice/rehearsal/training session (doing drills or practicing)
- latihan sepak bola, latihan musik
pelatihan = a training program/course (structured instruction)
- pelatihan kepemimpinan, pelatihan kerja

How do I show who the explanation was given to?

Use kepada for the recipient (people):

Panitia menjelaskan … kepada para peserta/pemain. (… to the participants/players.) Use untuk when you mean “for (the benefit of)”: materi untuk peserta (materials for participants), not as the indirect object of “explain.”

If I want to emphasize “the schedule” or “our training,” how do I mark that without articles?

Indonesian uses possessives and -nya for definiteness:

perubahan jadwalnya = the schedule change (contextually “the”)
perubahan jadwal kami = our schedule change
pada latihan kami = on our training/practice
pada latihannya = on the training (definite in context)

Can I say “dampak pada latihan dari perubahan jadwal,” moving pieces around?

It’s understandable but less natural. More idiomatic options:

dampak perubahan jadwal terhadap/pada latihan (original pattern)
dampak dari perubahan jadwal terhadap latihan (adds dari; common)
dampak pada latihan akibat perubahan jadwal (using akibat to link cause) Keeping the cause right after dampak usually sounds smoother.

Does dampak imply something negative? Should I use pengaruh or efek instead?

Dampak historically leans negative, but in modern usage it can be neutral and is commonly paired with positif/negatif: dampak positif/negatif.

pengaruh = influence/effect (often neutral, broad use)
efek = effect (often technical/scientific; e.g., efek samping = side effect)
All three work here; choose based on tone: dampak (formal/report-like), pengaruh (neutral), efek (technical).