Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Perwakilan murid menyampaikan hasil rapat kepada guru. - The student representative conveys the meeting results to the teacher.

It’s number-neutral. It can mean one representative or a delegation. To force singular, say seorang wakil murid. To force plural, use para wakil murid or wakil-wakil murid.

What’s the difference between perwakilan and wakil?

Wakil = a person (representative/deputy). Perwakilan = the act/office/group of representation (delegation, mission), and only sometimes a person. For one person, prefer wakil; for a group/office, perwakilan (e.g., perwakilan RI).

Can I say wakil murid instead of perwakilan murid?

Yes. Wakil murid clearly means a single student representative. Perwakilan murid often implies a delegation or representation in general, though some speakers use it for one person in everyday speech.

What does menyampaikan come from, morphologically?

Base sampai + suffix -kan with prefix meN-: meN- + sampaikan → menyampaikan. Before an initial s, meN- becomes meny- and the s of the root drops (cf. menyapu from sapu). The -kan gives a causative sense: cause something to reach someone.

Why is it kepada guru and not ke guru or untuk guru?

kepada: standard for human recipients after verbs like menyampaikan, memberi, melaporkan.
ke: mainly to places/destinations.
untuk: for the benefit/purpose of.
Informally, people might use ke with people, but kepada is safer and more formal.

Can I use pada instead of kepada?

You may see menyampaikan pada guru, but for recipients kepada is preferred in standard/formal usage. Pada is broader (on/at/to) and common with times/locations.

Does the sentence show tense? How do I mark past or future?

Indonesian doesn’t inflect for tense. Add time/aspect words:

Past/completed: sudah, telah (formal), or adverbs like tadi, kemarin. Example: Perwakilan murid sudah menyampaikan...
Future: akan. Example: Perwakilan murid akan menyampaikan...

Can I change the word order?

Default is Subject–Verb–Object–Prepositional phrase. Variants shift emphasis:

Hasil rapat disampaikan kepada guru oleh perwakilan murid. (passive; focus on the results)
Kepada guru, perwakilan murid menyampaikan hasil rapat. (fronted recipient)

How do I make a passive version, and what’s the nuance?

Two common passives:

Type 1 (di-): Hasil rapat disampaikan kepada guru (oleh perwakilan murid). Neutral/formal; actor optional.
Type 2 (bare verb): Hasil rapat perwakilan murid sampaikan kepada guru. Common in speech; focuses on the patient while naming the actor.

Does hasil rapat mean the minutes?

Not necessarily. Hasil rapat = outcomes/conclusions. Minutes are notulen or risalah rapat. A summary is ringkasan rapat; decisions/resolutions are keputusan rapat.

How do I show respect when referring to the teacher?

Use titles or honorifics:

kepada Pak/Bu Guru or kepada Bapak/Ibu
- name/title.
Use beliau for a respected third person: kepada beliau.
Example: Perwakilan murid menyampaikan hasil rapat kepada Pak Budi.

What’s the difference among murid, siswa, mahasiswa, and pelajar?

murid / siswa: K–12 students.
mahasiswa: university student.
pelajar: learner/student in general; often formal contexts (e.g., visa pelajar).

Why menyampaikan and not mengatakan, melaporkan, or menyerahkan?

menyampaikan: convey/deliver information.
mengatakan: say/utter, often before a bahwa-clause.
melaporkan: report formally (to a superior).
menyerahkan: hand over/submit a physical item.
Pick based on what you want to emphasize.

Can I replace hasil rapat with a pronoun?

Yes: Perwakilan murid menyampaikannya kepada guru. The enclitic -nya = it/them. You can also use hasil rapat itu for a definite “those results.”

How do I show plural teachers or representatives?

With humans, para is natural/formal: kepada para guru, para wakil murid.
Reduplication works too: guru-guru, wakil-wakil, though para sounds smoother.
Quantifiers like banyak, beberapa also mark plurality.

Is Perwakilan murid nyampein hasil rapat ke guru acceptable?

It’s very colloquial (Jakarta style): nyampein for menyampaikan, ke for a person. Fine in casual speech/texts; avoid in formal contexts. Standard: Perwakilan murid menyampaikan hasil rapat kepada guru.

Why not menyampai or menyampai-kan?

The correct forms are menyampaikan and sampaikan (imperative/base). Menyampai isn’t used, and Indonesian doesn’t hyphenate here: write menyampaikan.

After a modal like akan, can I drop meN- and say akan sampaikan?

Yes. Akan menyampaikan and akan sampaikan are both common; the base form after a modal is frequent in speech and writing. Meaning is the same.

How do I make “the teacher” definite?

Add a determiner or specify: guru itu, guru tersebut, or a name/title (Pak Andi, Ibu Rina). Bare guru can be generic or contextually definite.

Does rapat also mean “tight”? Is that confusing here?

Yes, rapat can be an adjective meaning tight/close-packed. Context disambiguates it. With hasil rapat, it clearly means meeting.

Is kepada guru required, or can I omit the recipient?

You can omit it if context makes the recipient clear: Perwakilan murid menyampaikan hasil rapat. The kepada ... phrase specifies who received it and is common but not obligatory.