Email resmi dikirim ke perwakilan tim.

The official email is sent to the team representative.

Breakdown of Email resmi dikirim ke perwakilan tim.

• ke: to
• dikirim: to be sent
• email: the email
• resmi: official
• perwakilan tim: the team representative

Questions & Answers about Email resmi dikirim ke perwakilan tim.

Is this sentence passive? How can I tell?

Yes. The verb dikirim has the passive prefix di- attached to the root kirim (send). The thing affected (Email resmi) is the subject, and the doer (agent) is omitted. You could add the agent with oleh if needed: Email resmi dikirim oleh sekretaris ke perwakilan tim.

How would I say the same idea in active voice?

Examples:

• Kami mengirim email resmi kepada perwakilan tim.
• Saya mengirimkan email resmi ke perwakilan tim.
• Saya mengirimi perwakilan tim email resmi.

Notes:

• mengirim = to send (neutral).
• mengirimkan adds -kan, often highlighting delivery to someone.
• mengirimi adds -i, highlighting the recipient (the recipient is the direct object).

What’s the difference between dikirim, dikirimkan, and dikirimi?

• dikirim: basic passive; focuses on the item sent. Example: Email resmi dikirim ke perwakilan tim.
• dikirimkan: passive with -kan; often emphasizes providing something to someone; common with kepada. Example: Email resmi dikirimkan kepada perwakilan tim.
• dikirimi: passive with -i; focuses on the recipient. Example: Perwakilan tim dikirimi email resmi. In many everyday contexts, dikirim and dikirimkan are interchangeable.

Can I use terkirim instead of dikirim?

Sometimes. terkirim describes a result/state (“has been sent/ended up sent”), and can imply accidental/unintended action in some verbs. It doesn’t take an agent with oleh. Natural use: Email resmi sudah/telah terkirim ke perwakilan tim. For a neutral “was sent,” dikirim is safer.

Should I use ke or kepada for the recipient?

• kepada is preferred in formal contexts when the recipient is a person or party: … dikirim kepada perwakilan tim.
• ke is general “to” and very common in everyday speech and UI labels: … dikirim ke perwakilan tim. Both are acceptable; choose by formality.

What exactly does perwakilan tim mean? One person or multiple? Would wakil tim be clearer?

• wakil = a deputy/representative (one person).
• perwakilan = representation; can mean a representative office/body or the group of representatives. It can also refer to a single representative, but it’s vaguer. To be precise:
• One person: wakil tim or seorang wakil tim.
• Several people: para wakil tim or a collective perwakilan tim. If you mean an office/mission, perwakilan tim can mean that too.

How do I mark “an/the” in “official email”?

Indonesian has no articles. Context decides.

• Indefinite: sebuah email resmi / satu email resmi.
• Definite: email resmi itu / email resminya (the official email).
• Demonstratives: email resmi ini/itu.

Why is it email resmi (adjective after noun), not resmi email?

Adjectives generally follow the noun in Indonesian: email resmi, rapat penting. If you need extra emphasis, you can use a relative clause: email yang resmi, but the simple noun + adjective is the default.

How do I express tense/aspect like “was/has been/will be sent”?

Use particles/adverbs (verbs don’t change form):

• Completed: sudah/telah — Email resmi sudah/telah dikirim …
• In progress: sedang — Email resmi sedang dikirim …
• Future: akan (or a future time) — Email resmi akan dikirim … Time words (e.g., tadi, kemarin, besok) add timing.

How can I say who sent it?

• Add an agent with oleh: Email resmi dikirim oleh sekretaris ke perwakilan tim.
• Use active voice: Sekretaris mengirim email resmi kepada perwakilan tim.
• Use the “short passive” with 1st/2nd person after the verb: Email resmi saya/aku kirim ke perwakilan tim, or with the clitic: Email resmi kukirim ke perwakilan tim.

Is there a more formal-sounding version of the sentence?

Yes:

• Email resmi telah dikirim kepada perwakilan tim. You can also add a time marker or reference numbers in formal memos, but the structure above is already formal.

How would people say this casually in speech?

• Active: Aku udah ngirim email resmi ke wakil tim.
• Passive-ish: Email resminya udah dikirim ke wakil tim. Notes: udah = sudah; ngirim = colloquial mengirim; wakil is more common than perwakilan for one person.

Can I use untuk instead of ke/kepada?

Use ke/kepada for the recipient of “send.” untuk means “for” (purpose/intended for).

• Recipient: Email resmi dikirim kepada/ke perwakilan tim.
• Purpose: Email resmi dikirim untuk perwakilan tim (intended for them), which is acceptable but emphasizes purpose rather than the addressing route.

Can I put the recipient phrase at the beginning?

You can for emphasis or a formal tone: Kepada perwakilan tim, email resmi dikirim. It’s grammatical but stylistic. The default, most natural order keeps the recipient phrase after the verb.

Any notes on word choice and spelling for “email” and “team”?

• Indonesian uses tim (not “team”).
• email is the common word. The coined alternative surel (from “surat elektronik”) appears in some formal/government texts but is less common in daily use.
• Nouns aren’t capitalized unless at the start of a sentence; Email here is capitalized only because it begins the sentence.