Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Anda boleh merokok di luar gedung asalkan jauh dari pintu. - You may smoke outside the building as long as it is far from the door.

"Boleh" grants permission: "may/allowed to." "Bisa/dapat" express ability/possibility: "can/be able to." For rules, use boleh (or tidak boleh to forbid), not bisa.

Is "Anda" the right pronoun here? When would I use "Anda" vs "kamu" vs "Bapak/Ibu"?

Anda: polite, neutral, impersonal; common in signs, customer-facing speech, and writing. Capitalize it.
kamu: informal; friends/peers.
Bapak/Ibu: very polite in face-to-face speech to men/women. For a notice, Anda fits well.

Do I need "untuk" before "merokok" (e.g., "boleh untuk merokok")?

No. With boleh, use the bare verb: boleh merokok. "Boleh untuk merokok" sounds off.

Why is it "di luar" with a space, not "diluar"?

As a preposition, di is separate: di luar, di dalam, di kantor. The attached di- is a passive prefix: dibuka, ditutup.

Should there be a comma before "asalkan"?

In standard punctuation, no comma if the conditional clause follows: ... di luar gedung asalkan .... Use a comma if the condition comes first: Asalkan jauh dari pintu, ...

What does "asalkan" mean exactly? How is it different from "asal," "selama," or "jika"?

asalkan/asal: "provided that/so long as." Asal is a bit more casual.
selama: "as long as" (primarily time; also used for conditions in rules).
jika/kalau: neutral "if." For permissions with a requirement, asalkan/asal is most natural.

Could I say "Asalkan jauh dari pintu, Anda boleh merokok di luar gedung"?

Yes. Fronting the condition is natural and clear. Meaning and register stay the same.

Does "jauh dari pintu" mean any door or a specific door? Why singular "pintu"?

Indonesian often uses a singular noun for a general rule. Jauh dari pintu means "far from the door(s)/entrance(s)." To be explicit: semua pintu, pintu-pintu, pintu masuk/keluar.

How far is "jauh" here? How would I specify a distance?

"Jauh" is vague. To specify: setidaknya/minimal X meter dari pintu (e.g., setidaknya 9 meter dari pintu).

Can I use "menjauh dari" instead of "jauh dari"?

jauh dari describes a state: being far from.
menjauh dari is an action: move/keep away from. Both work in a rule; menjauh emphasizes the act.

Is "merokok" a verb or a noun? What's the root?

Merokok is an intransitive verb "to smoke," from meN- + rokok (cigarette). Related: perokok (smoker).

Is "di luar gedung" the same as "di luar dari gedung"?

Prefer di luar gedung. Adding dari is colloquial and considered redundant in standard Indonesian.

What's the nuance of "gedung" versus "bangunan"?

gedung: a (often larger/public) building—offices, schools, halls.
bangunan: any structure (broader). For smoking rules, gedung is typical.

Could I drop "Anda" and just say "Boleh merokok di luar gedung ..."?

Yes. Notices often omit the subject: Boleh merokok di luar gedung, asalkan ... Or use passive: Merokok diperbolehkan di luar gedung ...

How do I say "You may not smoke inside the building"?

Anda tidak boleh merokok di dalam gedung. Sign style:
Dilarang merokok di dalam gedung. ("Smoking is prohibited inside the building.")

Is "boleh" also used as a one-word reply meaning "OK"?

Yes. Boleh. = "Sure/OK."

— Boleh saya merokok di sini?
— Boleh, asalkan jauh dari pintu.

Any register tweaks to sound more like a posted notice?

Common variants:

Merokok hanya diperbolehkan di luar gedung, jauh dari pintu.
Merokok diperkenankan di luar gedung, jauh dari pintu.
Harap merokok di luar gedung dan menjauh dari pintu.

Any common mistakes learners make with this sentence?

Writing diluar instead of di luar.
Using bisa for permission instead of boleh.
Adding dari after di luar in formal style.
Lowercasing Anda in formal contexts.
Overpluralizing when not needed: singular pintu already generalizes.

Pronunciation tips for key words?

Anda: AHN-dah
boleh: BOH-leh (final h pronounced)
merokok: muh-ROH-kok (final k unreleased)
gedung: guh-DOONG (ng as in “sing”)
asalkan: ah-SAHL-kahn
pintu: PEEN-too

Could I replace "jauh" with something stronger or softer?

Stronger: jauh-jauh dari pintu, hindari area dekat pintu.
Precise: berjarak minimal/setidaknya X meter dari pintu.
Softer (vague): agak jauh dari pintu.