Jadwal awal sudah dikirim tadi pagi.

already

Breakdown of Jadwal awal sudah dikirim tadi pagi.

• jadwal: the schedule
• tadi pagi: this morning
• dikirim: to be sent

Questions & Answers about Jadwal awal sudah dikirim tadi pagi.

What does sudah add here? Do we still need it if we already have tadi pagi?

• sudah marks completion (“already/has”). It emphasizes that the action is done.
• With tadi pagi (“this morning”), you can omit sudah and it’s still past. Keeping both is very natural and adds assurance.
• Examples:
  • Jadwal awal sudah dikirim tadi pagi. (assures it’s completed)
  • Jadwal awal dikirim tadi pagi. (simple past statement)

Why is dikirim used? Is this passive?

• Yes. di-
  • verb makes the regular passive: di
    • kirim → dikirim (“is/was sent”).
• Indonesian often uses the passive to highlight the thing affected (“the initial schedule”) and to omit the agent if it’s obvious or unimportant.

How do I say who sent it?

Common options:

• Passive with a pronoun agent (very natural): Jadwal awal sudah saya/kami kirim tadi pagi.
• Active: Saya/Kami sudah mengirim jadwal awal tadi pagi.
• Passive with an explicit agent using a noun: Jadwal awal sudah dikirim oleh bagian administrasi.
• Avoid using oleh with pronouns in everyday speech (e.g., oleh saya)—it sounds stiff.