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Questions & Answers about Saya terburu-buru pagi ini.
Where is the English "am" in this sentence?
Indonesian doesn’t need a linking verb with adjectives. Terburu-buru is the predicate, so Saya terburu-buru means “I am in a hurry.” Don’t say Saya adalah terburu-buru; adalah is used with nouns, not adjectives.
Is terburu-buru a verb, an adjective, or an adverb?
- Primarily a stative adjective: “in a hurried state.”
- It can also act adverbially: Dia menulis terburu-buru (He wrote hastily).
What’s the difference between buru-buru and terburu-buru?
- buru-buru = to hurry; also “in a rush (while doing something).” More active/volitional.
- Saya buru-buru ke kantor. (I hurried to the office.)
- Aku lagi buru-buru. (I’m hurrying right now.)
- terburu-buru = in a rushed state; can also mean “hasty.”
- Saya terburu-buru pagi ini.
- Keputusannya terburu-buru. (The decision is hasty.)
What does the prefix ter- contribute here?
It often marks a state or an unintentional/already-resulted situation. In terburu-buru, it frames the condition “being in a hurried state,” less about the act of hurrying. Parallels: terbuka (open), terlambat (late), tertidur (fell asleep unintentionally).
Why is there a hyphen in terburu-buru? Do I ever write it without the hyphen?
Full reduplication is written with a hyphen in standard Indonesian: buru-buru, terburu-buru, tergesa-gesa. Dropping the hyphen is nonstandard.
Does the sentence refer to now or earlier today?
Indonesian doesn’t inflect for tense, so Saya terburu-buru pagi ini can mean:
- It’s still morning: “I’m in a hurry this morning (now).”
- Later in the day: “I was in a hurry this morning.” To make the past clear, use tadi pagi/pagi tadi: Tadi pagi saya terburu-buru.
Should I use pagi ini or tadi pagi?
- pagi ini = this morning (today) in general.
- tadi pagi (or pagi tadi) = earlier this morning. At 3 p.m., tadi pagi sounds most natural.
Where can I place the time phrase?
Time expressions can go at the beginning or end:
- Pagi ini saya terburu-buru.
- Saya terburu-buru pagi ini. Avoid ini pagi; ini follows the time-of-day noun: pagi ini, malam ini.
Is saya the only way to say “I”? What about casual speech?
- saya = polite/neutral.
- aku = informal/neutral.
- gue/gua = very casual Jakarta slang. All work: Saya/Aku/Gue terburu-buru pagi ini. Choose based on formality and region.
How do I emphasize that it’s happening right now?
Add a progressive marker before the predicate:
- Neutral/formal: Saya sedang terburu-buru.
- Colloquial: Aku lagi buru-buru. Both mean “I’m in a hurry right now.”
How do I say the negative?
Use tidak (formal/neutral) or nggak/enggak (colloquial) before the predicate:
- Saya tidak terburu-buru pagi ini.
- Aku nggak buru-buru.
Can I drop saya?
Often, yes, if context makes the subject obvious in conversation:
- Terburu-buru pagi ini, jadi lupa sarapan. In careful writing, keep the subject to avoid ambiguity.
Are there synonyms for terburu-buru?
- tergesa-gesa = in a hurry/hasty (slightly bookish; can imply rashness).
- cepat-cepat = quickly/in a hurry (focus on speed, not necessarily carelessness). Examples:
- Maaf, saya tergesa-gesa.
- Dia makan cepat-cepat.
How do I use the phrase politely as an excuse?
- Maaf, saya terburu-buru.
- Permisi, saya harus pergi dulu, saya terburu-buru. Both are common when leaving or declining small talk.
Can terburu-buru also mean “hasty” in a negative sense?
Yes, especially modifying nouns or actions:
- Keputusan yang terburu-buru. (a hasty decision)
- Jangan terburu-buru menilai. (Don’t be hasty in judging.)
Any pronunciation tips?
- r is tapped/trilled; ter- has a light, reduced vowel (like “tuh-”).
- u like “oo” in “food”; i like “ee” in “see.”
- g is always hard (as in “go”) in pagi.
- Say buru-buru as two identical parts; keep stress light and even.