Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Sudahkah Anda makan siang, atau Anda barangkali mau kopi dulu? - Have you eaten lunch, or perhaps would you like coffee first?

Sudahkah Anda makan siang? (formal/polite, slightly bookish)
Apakah Anda sudah makan siang? (formal–neutral)
Anda sudah makan siang? (everyday spoken Indonesian; relies on rising intonation)

Is Anda necessary here? Can I drop it?

You can drop it if the subject is obvious. Indonesian often omits pronouns:

Sudah makan siang, atau barangkali mau kopi dulu? Keeping Anda is fine (and polite), but many speakers would omit the second Anda to avoid repetition.

Why is Anda capitalized?

It’s conventional to capitalize Anda when using it as the polite second-person pronoun. In casual texting you might see lowercase anda, but uppercase is recommended in formal writing.

Is Anda the most natural way to address someone?

Not always. In everyday speech people often use titles or names instead of Anda:

Bapak/Ibu sudah makan siang, atau mau kopi dulu? (to an older man/woman)
Mas/Mbak sudah makan siang, atau mau kopi dulu? (Java-influenced address for a man/woman) Anda is common in customer service, manuals, ads, and formal situations; it can feel distant in casual conversation.

Is makan siang a verb or a noun here?

Here it’s a verb phrase meaning “to have lunch.” It can also be a noun phrase in other contexts:

Verb: Saya makan siang jam 12.
Noun: Sesudah makan siang, kita rapat.

Why use sudah? Is it a past tense marker?

Indonesian doesn’t mark tense. Sudah marks completion (“already”). Formal synonym: telah. Colloquial form: udah.

Saya sudah makan siang. = I’ve already had lunch. Pair it with belum for “not yet.”

How do people typically answer Sudahkah…?

Most naturally with Sudah or Belum. Longer answers are fine:

Sudah. Terima kasih.
Belum, mungkin kopi dulu. Using ya/tidak is possible but less natural here.

What does dulu mean here?

It means “first/for now” (sequence), not “in the past.” It softens the offer:

Minum kopi dulu. = Have coffee first (before other things). More formal: terlebih dahulu or dahulu.

What’s the difference between barangkali and mungkin?

Both mean “perhaps/maybe.” Barangkali feels a bit more formal/literary/polite; mungkin is more common in everyday speech. Either is fine here.

Is the word order with barangkali flexible?

Yes. All are acceptable:

Barangkali Anda mau kopi dulu?
Anda barangkali mau kopi dulu?
Mau kopi dulu barangkali? (softer, conversational)

Do I need to repeat Anda in the second clause?

No. Repeating it is grammatical but a bit redundant. More natural:

Sudahkah Anda makan siang, atau barangkali mau kopi dulu?

Do I need a classifier with kopi? Should it be secangkir kopi?

No article is needed. mau kopi is perfectly natural in offers. Use a classifier only if you want to specify quantity:

secangkir kopi (a cup), segelas kopi (a glass).

Should I use mau or ingin?

Both work.

mau = want/would like (everyday, friendly), great for offers: Anda mau kopi dulu?
ingin = want/desire (slightly more formal/neutral): Apakah Anda ingin kopi terlebih dahulu? Avoid slang pengen in formal contexts.

Why is there a comma before atau?

It marks a natural pause between two independent clauses. It’s optional:

Sudahkah Anda makan siang, atau Anda barangkali mau kopi dulu?
Sudahkah Anda makan siang atau Anda barangkali mau kopi dulu? (also fine)

Can I ask it the casual way with belum at the end?

Yes, very common in speech:

Sudah makan siang belum? Avoid mixing this casual pattern with Anda; instead use kamu or a title:
Bapak sudah makan siang, belum?

Is mau kopi missing minum?

It’s acceptable shorthand in offers. Both are natural:

mau kopi (dulu)? = would you like coffee (first)?
mau minum kopi (dulu)? = would you like to drink coffee (first)? If you want parallel verbs, use minum: Sudahkah Anda makan siang, atau barangkali mau minum kopi dulu?

Does mau ever mean “going to”? Is that intended here?

In colloquial Indonesian, mau can indicate near-future intention (Saya mau pergi = I’m about to go). In this sentence it expresses willingness/offer (“would you like”), not future. Context clarifies the meaning.