Kucing saya mengambil jeruk dari meja.

My cat takes an orange from the table.

Breakdown of Kucing saya mengambil jeruk dari meja.

• sebuah: a
• kucing: the cat
• dari: from
• mengambil: to take
• meja: the table
• jeruk: the orange

Questions & Answers about Kucing saya mengambil jeruk dari meja.

Why is kucing saya structured with the noun first and the possessor second, instead of saya kucing?

In Indonesian, you put the thing being owned before the owner. So kucing (cat) comes first, then saya (my). This gives kucing saya = “my cat.” Saying saya kucing would sound unnatural.

Can I say kucingku instead of kucing saya? Are they the same?

Yes. kucingku uses the suffix -ku to mean “my.” So kucingku and kucing saya both mean “my cat.”
• kucing saya feels more formal or neutral.
• kucingku is more colloquial, common in speech and informal writing.

Why is there no “the” or “an” before jeruk?

Indonesian does not use articles like the or an. Nouns stand alone, and context tells you if they’re definite, indefinite, singular, or plural. Here jeruk can mean “an orange,” “the orange,” or just “orange” depending on context.

How would I say “oranges” (plural) or specify a number of oranges?

To show quantity, you add a number (and often a classifier). For example:
• dua jeruk = two oranges (common in speech)
• dua buah jeruk = two oranges (using buah, a fruit classifier)
If you want a vague plural, you can also say jeruk-jeruk, but that’s less common.

How do I explicitly show the action is ongoing, like “is taking”?

Use the aspect marker sedang before the verb:
Kucing saya sedang mengambil jeruk dari meja.
This means “My cat is taking an orange from the table.”

How do I explicitly show the action happened already, like “has taken” or “took”?

Use the tense/aspect marker sudah before the verb:
Kucing saya sudah mengambil jeruk dari meja.
This means “My cat has already taken an orange from the table” or simply “My cat took an orange from the table.”

What is the root word of mengambil, and what does the prefix meng- do?

The root is ambil (take). The prefix meng- turns it into an active transitive verb. Rule of thumb: meN- + ambil → mengambil (“to take,” “took”).

Why is dari used before meja? How would I say “on the table” instead of “from the table”?

• dari means from. So dari meja = “from the table.”
• To say “on the table,” you use di atas meja (literally “at above table”).
– Kucing saya mengambil jeruk di atas meja = “My cat took an orange on the table.”

How do I make this sentence passive, like “An orange was taken from the table by my cat”?

Switch to the passive prefix di- and move the object up front:
Jeruk diambil dari meja oleh kucing saya.
This literally is “Orange was-taken from table by my cat.”