Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Kebanyakan perlengkapan berkemah disimpan kembali setelah tenda dibongkar. - Most camping equipment is stored again after the tent is dismantled.

kebanyakan means “most” or “the majority of.” In contrast, banyak simply means “many” or “a lot of.” So kebanyakan perlengkapan berkemah translates to “most of the camping equipment,” not just “many pieces of camping equipment.”

Why is kebanyakan placed before perlengkapan berkemah? Could it come after the noun?

Quantifiers like kebanyakan, banyak, and sedikit normally precede the noun they modify in Indonesian. Placing them after (e.g. perlengkapan berkemah kebanyakan) would sound unnatural and is not standard.

What does perlengkapan berkemah mean? Can I use peralatan berkemah instead?

perlengkapan means “equipment” or “gear,” and berkemah means “camping.” Together they form “camping equipment.” You could say peralatan berkemah, but perlengkapan often refers to a set of items or gear, which fits better here.

Why is disimpan in passive voice here? How would I express it actively?

disimpan is the passive form of menyimpan (“to store”). The passive voice focuses on the equipment rather than who stores it. An active equivalent would be:
Setelah tenda dibongkar, mereka menyimpan kembali kebanyakan perlengkapan berkemah.
Here mereka (they) is the agent performing the storing.

What does kembali add in disimpan kembali? Does it mean “again” or “back”?

kembali here means “back.” So disimpan kembali literally means “stored back” or “put back” into place. While you could gloss it “stored again,” the nuance is returning items to where they belong.

Why is tenda dibongkar also passive? What does that clause mean?

dibongkar is the passive of membongkar (“to dismantle” or “take down”). So tenda dibongkar means “the tent is taken down.” The clause setelah tenda dibongkar = “after the tent is taken down,” with no need to specify who did it.

Why isn’t the agent mentioned (e.g. oleh mereka) in disimpan kembali or dibongkar?

In Indonesian passives, the agent can be omitted when it’s obvious, irrelevant, or when the focus is on the action or object. Here we care about what happens to the equipment (and tent), not who does it.

Can I start the sentence with the time clause setelah tenda dibongkar instead? How would that look?

Yes. You can front the temporal clause without changing the meaning:
Setelah tenda dibongkar, kebanyakan perlengkapan berkemah disimpan kembali.
This simply places more emphasis on “after the tent is taken down.”