Lapangan ditutup ketika hujan deras.

The field is closed when it rains heavily.

Breakdown of Lapangan ditutup ketika hujan deras.

• ketika: when
• lapangan: the field
• deras: heavy
• ditutup: to be closed
• hujan: to rain

Questions & Answers about Lapangan ditutup ketika hujan deras.

What grammatical voice is used in ditutup, and how is it formed?

ditutup is the passive voice of the verb tutup/menutup. In Indonesian, you form a passive verb by adding the prefix di- to the verb root (here tutup). It shifts the focus from the doer (agent) to the receiver of the action (the field).

Why is there no agent (no “by someone”) in this sentence?

Indonesian passive constructions often omit the agent when it is unknown, irrelevant, or obvious from context. Since “who closed the field” may not matter to the speaker, the sentence simply focuses on the fact that the field was closed. If you needed the agent, you could add oleh: Lapangan ditutup oleh panitia (“The field was closed by the committee”).

What role does ketika play in this sentence, and how does it differ from karena?

ketika introduces a temporal clause, meaning when. It tells us when the closing happened. By contrast, karena means because and marks a causal relationship. So:

• Lapangan ditutup ketika hujan deras = “The field was closed when it rained heavily.”
• Lapangan ditutup karena hujan deras = “The field was closed because of heavy rain.”

Can you replace ketika with saat or waktu, and is there a nuance?

Yes. saat and waktu can also mean when:

• Saat hujan deras, lapangan ditutup.
• Waktu hujan deras, lapangan ditutup.
  ketika is slightly more formal or literary than saat, and waktu can sometimes feel less specific (it often requires a fuller clause after it). But in everyday use, all three are common for marking time.

What part of speech is deras, and why does it follow hujan?

deras is an adjective meaning intense, heavy, or torrential when describing rain. In Indonesian noun–adjective order, the noun comes first (hujan) followed by its modifier (deras), so hujan deras = “heavy rain.”

How would you rewrite this sentence in the active voice?

In active voice, you need an explicit subject (doer) with a me- verb:

• Panitia menutup lapangan ketika hujan deras. (“The committee closed the field when it rained heavily.”)
• Mereka menutup lapangan ketika hujan deras. (“They closed the field when it rained heavily.”)

Is it possible to change the word order, and how would that affect the sentence?

Yes, Indonesian is flexible with adjunct placement. You can front the time clause without changing meaning:

• Ketika hujan deras, lapangan ditutup.
  Or even insert it:
• Lapangan, ketika hujan deras, ditutup.
  The focus and meaning remain the same; only the rhythm or emphasis shifts.