Setiap pagi saya berenang di kolam.

I swim in the pool every morning.

Breakdown of Setiap pagi saya berenang di kolam.

• saya: I
• pagi: the morning
• di: in
• setiap: every
• berenang: to swim
• kolam: the pool

Questions & Answers about Setiap pagi saya berenang di kolam.

What does setiap pagi mean?

Setiap means every or each, and pagi means morning, so setiap pagi = every morning. It signals that the action happens habitually each day.

Why isn’t there an article like the or a before kolam?

Indonesian does not use articles the way English does. A noun by itself can imply a/an or the based on context. Here kolam can be understood as a pool or the pool depending on what you already know.

Why is the preposition di used in di kolam instead of ke?

Di marks a static location (equivalent to in or at). So berenang di kolam = swim in the pool. In contrast, ke marks movement toward a place (equivalent to to), for example pergi ke kolam = go to the pool.

What part of speech is berenang, and why does it start with ber-?

Berenang is an intransitive verb meaning to swim. The prefix ber- attaches to the root renang to form verbs that describe the subject performing an action. Many intransitive verbs in Indonesian use ber- this way.

How do you express tense in Indonesian? Why isn’t there a past or future marker here?

Indonesian verbs do not change form for tense. Instead, you use time adverbs or context. In this sentence, setiap pagi tells you it’s a habitual present action. To specify other times you could add:

• Past: kemarin, tadi pagi
• Future: besok, nanti

Can I move setiap pagi to the end of the sentence?

Yes. Indonesian word order is quite flexible. You can say Saya berenang di kolam setiap pagi with exactly the same meaning. Fronting the time phrase just adds emphasis to when it happens.

What’s the difference between saya and aku for “I”?

Both mean I, but:

• Saya is neutral/formal and polite—used with strangers, in classes or at work.
• Aku is informal/intimate—used among close friends, family, or in casual situations.

How would I say “in the morning” if I don’t mean “every morning” but just one morning?

You can use phrases like pada pagi hari or include a time reference:

• Pada pagi hari itu saya berenang di kolam = That morning I swam in the pool
• Tadi pagi saya berenang di kolam = I swam in the pool this morning

Is kolam enough to mean “swimming pool,” or do I need kolam renang?

Kolam alone means pool. In many contexts people will understand kolam to mean a swimming pool if that’s the topic. To be unambiguous you can say kolam renang = swimming pool; similarly kolam ikan = fish pond.