Penjual itu mengadakan obral.

Penjual means seller or vendor.

It comes from the root jual, which means to sell. The prefix peN- often forms a noun for a person who does an action, so:

• jual = to sell
• penjual = seller

This is very common in Indonesian:

• beli = buy → pembeli = buyer
• ajar = teach → pengajar = teacher/instructor

So penjual itu means that seller or sometimes the seller, depending on context.

Itu literally means that, but in real Indonesian it often also works like the when referring to something already known or identifiable.

So penjual itu can mean:

• that seller
• the seller

This is very common in Indonesian. The noun comes first, then ini or itu:

• buku ini = this book
• rumah itu = that house
• penjual itu = that/the seller

A native English speaker may expect itu penjual, but that is not the normal pattern for this kind of phrase.

Here, mengadakan means something like:

• to hold
• to conduct
• to organize
• to put on

In this sentence, mengadakan obral means to hold a sale or to have a sale.

It comes from the root ada, but mengadakan is not just simple to exist. It has developed the meaning to make happen / to organize / to provide.

For example:

• mengadakan rapat = to hold a meeting
• mengadakan acara = to organize an event
• mengadakan obral = to hold a sale

Both are possible, but they mean slightly different things.

• Penjual itu mengadakan obral. = The seller is holding/organizing a sale.
  This focuses on the seller as the one causing the sale to happen.

• Ada obral. = There is a sale.
  This just states that a sale exists.

So mengadakan is more active and intentional. It tells you that the seller is putting on the sale, not just that a sale is happening.

Obral usually means a sale, often with the sense of:

• discount sale
• clearance sale
• special sale

A very common phrase is obral besar, meaning big sale.

Depending on context, it may suggest reduced prices more strongly than the English word sale sometimes does.

Example:

• Toko itu sedang mengadakan obral. = That store is having a sale.

Yes. The sentence follows a very normal Indonesian pattern:

• Penjual itu = subject
• mengadakan = verb
• obral = object

So it is basically:

Subject + Verb + Object

That makes it structurally similar to English:

• The seller
  • is holding
    • a sale

Indonesian often has straightforward word order like this, which is helpful for learners.

Indonesian verbs do not change form for tense the way English verbs do.

So mengadakan by itself does not tell you whether the action is past, present, or future. The time is usually understood from:

• context
• time words
• adverbs

For example:

• Kemarin penjual itu mengadakan obral. = Yesterday the seller held a sale.
• Sekarang penjual itu mengadakan obral. = The seller is holding a sale now.
• Besok penjual itu akan mengadakan obral. = The seller will hold a sale tomorrow.

Without a time marker, the translation depends on context.

Sometimes, yes, depending on context.

Penjual is a general word for seller/vendor/person who sells something. It does not specifically mean:

• male seller
• female seller
• formal salesperson
• shop owner

So English translations may vary:

• seller
• vendor
• salesperson
• shopkeeper

But the most direct and safest translation is usually seller.

To negate the verb, use tidak:

• Penjual itu tidak mengadakan obral.
  = The seller is not holding a sale.

Do not use bukan here, because mengadakan is a verb.
A useful rule:

• tidak negates verbs and adjectives
• bukan negates nouns and noun phrases

So:

• tidak mengadakan = not holding / not conducting
• not bukan mengadakan in normal usage

A simple yes/no question can be made just by using question intonation:

• Penjual itu mengadakan obral?
  = Is the seller holding a sale?

You can also add question words like:

• Apakah penjual itu mengadakan obral?
  = Is that seller holding a sale?

Or ask for more detail:

• Kapan penjual itu mengadakan obral?
  = When is the seller holding a sale?
• Mengapa penjual itu mengadakan obral?
  = Why is the seller holding a sale?

It sounds neutral and perfectly normal in standard Indonesian.

• penjual is a normal standard word
• mengadakan is also standard and a little more formal than very casual speech
• obral is common and natural

In very casual speech, people might choose other wording depending on context, such as:

• Penjual itu lagi obral.
• Toko itu lagi ngadain obral.

But Penjual itu mengadakan obral. is clear, correct, and natural in standard Indonesian.

It is pronounced roughly like meng-a-da-kan.

The prefix meN- changes shape depending on the first sound of the root. This is a common Indonesian pattern.

Here the root is ada, and with the prefix it becomes:

• meN- + ada → mengada-
• then with -kan → mengadakan

So the full form is built from:

• ada = exist / be present
• mengadakan = to hold, organize, provide, make happen

You do not need to calculate this every time, but it helps to recognize meng- as part of a very common active verb pattern in Indonesian.