Goresan dan karatnya terlihat jelas.

Its scratches and rust are clearly visible.

Breakdown of Goresan dan karatnya terlihat jelas.

• dan: and
• jelas: clearly
• terlihat: to be seen
• goresan: the scratch; scrape mark

Questions & Answers about Goresan dan karatnya terlihat jelas.

What does -nya mean in karatnya?

Here -nya means something like its, the, or that ... of it/them, depending on context.

So karatnya can mean:

• its rust
• the rust
• the rust on it

In this sentence, goresan dan karatnya most naturally means the scratches and the rust or its scratches and rust, depending on what was being talked about earlier.

A useful point: -nya in Indonesian is very flexible. It does not always translate neatly into just one English word.

Why is -nya attached only to karat, not to both goresan and karat?

Because in Indonesian, when two nouns are joined by dan, a suffix like -nya on the second noun can apply to the whole noun phrase.

So:

• goresan dan karatnya

can be understood as:

• the scratches and the rust
• its scratches and rust

Indonesian often avoids repeating markers if the meaning is already clear. So you do not need to say goresannya dan karatnya unless you want extra emphasis or clarity.

Is goresan singular or plural here?