Vas itu memiliki goresan.

In Indonesian, demonstratives like ini and itu usually come after the noun.

So:

• vas itu = that vase or the vase
• buku ini = this book

This is normal Indonesian word order. English says that vase, but Indonesian says vase that.

In many contexts, itu can also make the noun feel definite, so vas itu may be understood as the vase even though itu literally means that.

It can mean either, depending on context.

• that vase if the speaker is pointing out a specific vase
• the vase if both speaker and listener already know which vase is being discussed

Indonesian does not use articles like the and a/an the way English does, so itu often helps mark something as specific.

Yes, you can often use punya, but the tone is different.

• memiliki = more formal, more written, more neutral
• punya = more common in everyday speech

So:

• Vas itu memiliki goresan. = natural in formal writing or careful description
• Vas itu punya goresan. = more conversational

Both are understandable, but memiliki sounds a bit more polished.

Goresan is a noun meaning something like:

• a scratch
• a scrape mark
• a scratch mark

It comes from the idea of a surface being marked by scraping or scratching. In this sentence, it refers to damage or visible marks on the vase.

It could be either. Indonesian often does not mark singular and plural unless it needs to.

So goresan can mean:

• a scratch
• scratches

The exact number usually comes from context.

If you really want to emphasize plural, you could say:

• goresan-goresan = scratches

But in many normal sentences, plain goresan is enough.

Because Indonesian does not use articles like English does.

English needs words like:

• a scratch
• the scratch

Indonesian usually just says the noun:

• goresan

Whether it means a scratch, the scratch, or just scratch marks depends on context.

Yes, but it sounds a bit formal or descriptive.

In casual speech, people might more often say:

• Vas itu ada goresannya.
• Vas itu tergores.

These alternatives feel more everyday and natural in conversation.

Meanwhile, Vas itu memiliki goresan sounds like something you might see in a report, product description, or careful explanation.

They are related, but not identical.

• memiliki goresan = has scratches / has a scratch
• tergores = is scratched / got scratched

So:

• Vas itu memiliki goresan. focuses on the presence of the marks
• Vas itu tergores. focuses on the condition of being scratched

Both can work, but the nuance is slightly different.

Yes, and it is understandable. But many speakers would more naturally say:

• Pada vas itu ada goresan.
• Vas itu ada goresannya.

Why? Because ada means there is/are, so Indonesian often prefers a structure that clearly shows the scratch exists on the vase, rather than treating the vase as the possessor.

So:

• Vas itu memiliki goresan. = more formal
• Vas itu ada goresannya. = more conversational
• Pada vas itu ada goresan. = very clear, slightly more explicit

It is built from milik, which is related to ownership or possession.

• milik = belonging/possession
• memiliki = to own, to have, to possess

The verb uses the me- verb pattern, which is very common in Indonesian for active verbs.

So memiliki is not just a random word to memorize: it is connected to the idea of milik.

The normal order is:

• Vas itu memiliki goresan.

That is the standard subject + verb + object pattern.

You can rearrange things in special contexts, but this is the most basic and natural form for a learner to use. If you change the order too freely, it may sound unnatural or require a different structure altogether.

So for now, it is best to keep:

• vas itu = subject
• memiliki = verb
• goresan = object