Penanggung akan mengganti rugi tertanggung.

In an insurance context:

• penanggung = the insurer / the party that provides coverage
• tertanggung = the insured / the policyholder / the covered party

Both words come from the root tanggung, which has to do with bearing responsibility or liability.

So this sentence is talking about the insurer compensating the insured.

Akan marks the future, so it usually means will or is going to.

So:

• Penanggung mengganti rugi tertanggung = the insurer compensates the insured
• Penanggung akan mengganti rugi tertanggung = the insurer will compensate the insured

In Indonesian, akan is often optional if the future meaning is already clear from context, but using it makes the future idea explicit.

Ganti is the base form, and it can function as a noun or a simpler verb-like form depending on context.
Mengganti is the active verb form created with the meN- prefix.

So:

• ganti = replace / replacement
• mengganti = to replace

In this sentence, you need a full active verb, so mengganti is the natural form.

Mengganti rugi is a fixed expression meaning:

• to compensate
• to indemnify
• to pay damages

Even though the parts are:

• mengganti = replace
• rugi = loss / damage

the whole phrase should usually be learned as one unit.

So mengganti rugi tertanggung means to compensate the insured, not literally to replace the insured's loss word-for-word in English.

Yes. The sentence structure is:

• Penanggung = subject
• akan = future marker
• mengganti rugi = verb phrase
• tertanggung = object

So tertanggung is the party receiving the compensation.

This is why there is no preposition like to before it. Indonesian often uses a direct object where English might use a different structure.

Indonesian does not use articles like the, a, or an the way English does.

So:

• penanggung can mean an insurer or the insurer
• tertanggung can mean an insured person or the insured

Which one is meant depends on context. In this sentence, English usually translates them as the insurer and the insured because the context is probably specific and formal.

They are both derived from tanggung, but with different prefixes:

• peN- + tanggung → penanggung
  This often forms a noun meaning the person or party that does the action or has the role. Here: the party that bears the risk = the insurer.

• ter- + tanggung → tertanggung
  In insurance language, this refers to the party that is covered or insured.

So the contrast is roughly:

• penanggung = the responsible/covering party
• tertanggung = the covered party

This is very common in legal and insurance vocabulary.

It is grammatical, but it sounds formal and strongly connected to legal/insurance language.

In everyday speech, people might say something more explicit, such as:

• Perusahaan asuransi akan membayar ganti rugi kepada tertanggung.
• Asuransi akan memberi ganti rugi kepada nasabah.

The original sentence sounds like something from a policy document, contract, or legal explanation.

Not with exactly the same structure.

With mengganti rugi, the compensated party is commonly the direct object:

• Penanggung akan mengganti rugi tertanggung.

But if you change the verb, kepada becomes natural:

• Penanggung akan membayar ganti rugi kepada tertanggung.

So:

• mengganti rugi tertanggung = natural
• membayar ganti rugi kepada tertanggung = also natural
• mengganti rugi kepada tertanggung = less standard in this pattern

They are similar, but not exactly the same.

• mengganti rugi tertanggung = compensate the insured
• mengganti kerugian tertanggung = compensate the insured's losses

The second version focuses more directly on the losses/damages themselves:

• kerugian = loss, damage, financial harm

So the original sentence emphasizes the act of compensating the insured party, while the version with kerugian emphasizes compensating the insured's loss.