Ég gæti komið á morgun.

Gæti comes from the verb geta. In this sentence it expresses a tentative possibility, so it often corresponds to English could or might.

It is historically a past subjunctive form, but that does not mean the sentence is talking about the past. Here it refers to a possible future action.

Compare:

• Ég get komið á morgun. = I can / am able to come tomorrow.
• Ég gæti komið á morgun. = I could / might come tomorrow.

So yes, the form is technically related to the past, but the meaning here is about possibility, not past time.

After geta, Icelandic normally uses the sagnbót form (often called the supine) rather than the dictionary infinitive.

So with koma:

• dictionary form: koma
• form used after geta: komið

That is why Icelandic says:

• Ég get komið
• Ég gæti komið

not Ég get koma or Ég gæti koma.

This is a very common pattern, and learners usually just have to get used to it.

No. In this sentence, komið does not make the meaning past.

The time comes from á morgun, which clearly points to the future. Here komið is just the verb form required after gæti.

So even though komið may look like a participle or a perfect form you have seen elsewhere, in this sentence the meaning is still future-oriented: the speaker is talking about possibly coming tomorrow.

Because geta does not use að in this construction.

So Icelandic says:

• Ég gæti komið
• Ég get komið

not:

• Ég gæti að komið

This is something you have to learn verb by verb, because some Icelandic verbs do use að before another verb and some do not.

For example:

• Ég ætla að koma. = I intend to come.
• Ég gæti komið. = I might come.

Because á morgun is a fixed expression meaning tomorrow.

This is one of those time expressions that should be learned as a whole. Even though morgun by itself is related to morning, the phrase á morgun means tomorrow.

Useful contrasts:

• í morgun = this morning
• á morgun = tomorrow
• á morgnana = in the mornings

So it is best not to translate á morgun too literally word for word.

It sounds like just a possibility.

Ég gæti komið á morgun is softer and less definite than a direct statement. It suggests something like maybe or it is possible that the speaker will come tomorrow.

Compare:

• Ég kem á morgun. = I’m coming tomorrow.
  More definite.
• Ég get komið á morgun. = I can come tomorrow.
  Focus on ability/possibility.
• Ég gæti komið á morgun. = I might/could come tomorrow.
  More tentative and less committed.

Yes. A very natural alternative is:

Á morgun gæti ég komið.

That puts more emphasis on tomorrow.

But remember the Icelandic verb-second pattern in main clauses: if you move á morgun to the front, the finite verb gæti still comes second.

So:

• Ég gæti komið á morgun.
• Á morgun gæti ég komið.

But not:

• Á morgun ég gæti komið.

The dictionary forms are:

• gæti → geta
• komið → koma

This is useful because Icelandic verbs often appear in forms that look quite different from the dictionary form.

For koma, a learner will often meet forms like:

• koma = to come
• kom = came
• komið = the form used here after geta, and also seen in other constructions

So when you learn a new Icelandic verb, it helps to learn more than just the basic to + verb form.

You would say:

Ég gæti ekki komið á morgun.

The negation ekki usually comes after the finite verb in a simple main clause.

So the pattern is:

• Ég gæti komið á morgun.
• Ég gæti ekki komið á morgun.

If you front the time phrase, you can also say:

• Á morgun gæti ég ekki komið.

That still follows normal Icelandic word order.