Brúin er opin.

Breakdown of Brúin er opin.

vera
to be
opin
open
brúin
the bridge

Questions & Answers about Brúin er opin.

Why does brúin end with -in instead of using a separate word for “the”?

Icelandic doesn’t have a separate definite article like English the. Instead you attach a suffix to the noun. Here brú (“bridge”) is a feminine noun, and the definite singular ending for many feminine nouns is -in:
• brú → brúin (“the bridge”)


How do I know that brú is feminine?

You usually check a dictionary, which will list the gender. As a rule of thumb, many Icelandic nouns ending in -u in the nominative singular are feminine. Also, the form of the definite suffix gives a clue:
• Feminine sg def: -in (one “n”)
• Masculine sg def: -inn (two “n”s)

Since brúin has only one “n,” it’s the feminine form.


Why is the word for “open” here opin, not opinn?

Adjectives in Icelandic agree with the noun’s gender, number and case. This sentence uses opin because:

  1. “open” is traditionally opinn in the masculine nominative singular.
  2. The feminine nominative singular form is opin.
  3. In Brúin er opin, both noun and adjective are nominative singular feminine.

What are the other gender forms of “open”?

In the strong (basic) declension you get:
• Masculine nominative sg: opinn
• Feminine nominative sg: opin
• Neuter nominative sg: opið
• Plural nominative (all genders): opnir


When do adjectives take different endings (strong vs. weak forms)?

Icelandic adjectives have two main declension patterns:
• Strong (basic) endings when used predicatively (after vera, virka, etc.), or attributively with an indefinite noun.
• Weak endings when used attributively with a definite noun (one that already carries the article-suffix).

Examples:
• Predicative: Brúin er opin. (strong feminine opin)
• Attributive definite: opna brúin (“the open bridge”; weak feminine opna)


How would I say “The bridges are open”?
  1. “Bridge” in nominative plural indefinite is brýr.
    1. Definite plural ending for feminine 1st-declension nouns is -nar: brýrnar.
    2. “are” (3 pl.) = eru.
    3. Adjective “open” in nominative plural = opnar.

Put together:
Brýrnar eru opnar.
(“The bridges are open.”)


Can I drop the suffix and say brú er opin?

No—brú without -in is indefinite (“a bridge”), so brú er opin means “a bridge is open.” To say “the bridge is open,” you must use the definite form brúin.


How do I pronounce Brúin er opin?

Phonetic approximation in IPA:
 /brˠuːɪn ɛr ˈɔːpɪn/

Breakdown:
ú = [uː] (long “oo”)
i in brúin = [ɪ] (as in English “bit”)
e in er = [ɛ] (as in English “bet”)
o in opin = [ɔː] (as in English “law”)


How would I form the same pattern with another feminine noun, say “door”?
  1. Dictionary gives hurð (feminine).
  2. Add feminine sg def -inhurðin (“the door”).
  3. Use predicative adjective opin (fem. nom. sg).

Result:
Hurðin er opin. ("The door is open.")

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