Mér er kalt.

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Breakdown of Mér er kalt.

• vera: to be
• kaldur: cold

Questions & Answers about Mér er kalt.

What does Mér er kalt literally mean, and how is it idiomatically translated into English?

Literally, the sentence translates to "to me is cold", but idiomatically it means "I am cold" or "I feel cold". This impersonal construction expresses that the sensation of cold is experienced by the speaker without directly attributing warmth or coldness as an inherent property.

Why is the dative pronoun mér used instead of the nominative ég (meaning "I")?

In Icelandic, many expressions of physical sensation, weather, or mood use the dative case to indicate the experiencer. By using mér (“to me”), the language emphasizes that coldness is something felt by the individual rather than a defining characteristic, making the construction impersonal.

What role does the verb er play in the sentence?

Er is the third person singular form of the verb að vera (to be). It serves as the linking verb in this impersonal construction, connecting the experience (the state of being cold) to the indirect expression of the experiencer. Although English uses am in I am cold, Icelandic employs er with a different syntactic structure.

Why is the adjective kalt in its neuter form in this sentence?

The adjective kalt is in the neuter form because, in impersonal constructions like this, the adjective agrees with an implied neuter subject rather than with the experiencer (which is expressed in the dative case). This reflects a common pattern in Icelandic when describing sensations or weather conditions.

Can the same idea be expressed with a nominative construction, and if so, how would that look?

Yes, you can express a similar idea using the nominative form. For example, if speaking about yourself directly, you might say Ég er kaldur (if you are male) or Ég er köld (if you are female), which directly translates to "I am cold." However, Mér er kalt remains the more typical way in Icelandic to convey a physical sensation in an impersonal manner.