A kulcs nálam van.

Nálam means something like at me, with me, or in my possession, depending on context.

In A kulcs nálam van, it means:

• The key is with me
• I have the key on me
• The key is in my possession

So this is a very natural Hungarian way to express possession of a physical object.

Nálam is made from:

• nál-/nél- = a suffix meaning at / by / with
• -am = my / me in this form

So:

• nálam = at me / with me
• nálad = with you
• nála = with him/her
• nálunk = with us
• nálatok = with you all
• náluk = with them

This suffix is often used when something is located in someone’s possession or at someone’s place.

A is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• A kulcs = the key
• Egy kulcs = a key

Hungarian uses definite and indefinite articles much like English, though not always in exactly the same situations. In this sentence, A kulcs refers to a specific key already known from context, so the key is used.

Van is the 3rd person singular form of to be: is.

So literally, the sentence is:

• A kulcs = the key
• nálam = with me
• van = is

Together: The key is with me.

Hungarian often leaves out van in the present tense when saying something like He is tall or The house is big:

• A ház nagy. = The house is big.

But when talking about existence or location, van is usually needed:

• A kulcs az asztalon van. = The key is on the table.
• A kulcs nálam van. = The key is with me.

Very often, yes.

Hungarian does have a verb for possession-like meanings in some contexts, but a very common way to say I have the key is to express it as location or possession:

• A kulcs nálam van. = The key is with me.

This is especially natural when talking about where an object currently is or who has it physically.

Another common possession structure is:

• Nálam van a kulcs.

This still means I have the key or The key is with me, but with a different emphasis.

Both are correct, but the emphasis changes.

• A kulcs nálam van.
  Focuses more on the key as the topic.
  This could answer: Where is the key?

• Nálam van a kulcs.
  Focuses more on with me.
  This could answer: Who has the key?

Hungarian word order is flexible and often shows what is being emphasized or contrasted, rather than changing the basic meaning completely.

This is a very common question.

• nálam = with me / in my possession / at my place
• velem = with me in the sense of together with me

So:

• A kulcs nálam van. = The key is with me / I have the key.
• A kulcs velem van. sounds more like The key is together with me, which is less natural for ordinary possession.

Use nálam when something is in your keeping, at your place, or on your person.
Use velem when talking about being together with someone:

• A barátom velem van. = My friend is with me.

Yes.

Depending on context, nálam can mean:

• with me
• at my house / at my place
• in my possession

For example:

• Találkozunk nálam. = We’ll meet at my place.
• A könyv nálam van. = The book is with me / I have the book.

So the exact English translation depends on context.

You just change the nál- form:

• A kulcs nálad van. = The key is with you.
• A kulcs nála van. = The key is with him/her.
• A kulcs nálunk van. = The key is with us.
• A kulcs nálatok van. = The key is with you all.
• A kulcs náluk van. = The key is with them.

This is a very useful pattern, and you can use it with many objects:

• A pénz nálam van. = I have the money.
• A telefon nálad van? = Do you have the phone?
• Az útlevél nála van. = He/She has the passport.

A few small things may help:

• kulcs is pronounced roughly like kooch, but with a final ch sound like in church without the r.
• nálam has a long á, so say it longer than a short a.
• van is pronounced much like vawn or vahn, depending on your accent.

Also remember that Hungarian stress is always on the first syllable:

• KULcs
• NÁlam
• VAN