A konnektor az asztal alatt van, oda teszem a töltőt.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a
• az

They mean the same thing: the.

The choice depends on the sound that follows:

• a before a consonant sound: a konnektor
• az before a vowel sound: az asztal

So:

• a konnektor = the socket / the outlet
• az asztal = the table

This is similar to how English uses a and an.

Because alatt means under / underneath, and it is a separate word in Hungarian called a postposition.

So:

• az asztal alatt = under the table

Hungarian often uses postpositions where English uses prepositions.
English puts the word before the noun:

• under the table

Hungarian puts it after the noun:

• az asztal alatt

Compare:

• az asztalon = on the table
• az asztalban = in the table (usually not what you want here)
• az asztal alatt = under the table

Alatt is a postposition, meaning a word that comes after a noun phrase and shows location or relation.

In this sentence:

• az asztal alatt = under the table

Some common Hungarian postpositions are:

• alatt = under
• fölött = above
• mellett = next to
• előtt = in front of / before
• mögött = behind
• után = after

A useful thing to notice is that the noun before a postposition usually stays in its basic form:

• az asztal alatt
• a ház előtt
• a szék mellett

Van is the 3rd person singular form of to be: is.

So:

• A konnektor az asztal alatt van.
• The socket is under the table.

Hungarian often leaves out van in the present tense when saying something like X is Y:

• A ház nagy. = The house is big.

But when expressing location, Hungarian normally uses van:

• A könyv az asztalon van. = The book is on the table.
• A konnektor az asztal alatt van. = The outlet is under the table.

So here van is needed because the sentence is about where something is.

Oda means to there / there to that place. It shows movement toward a place.

So:

• oda teszem a töltőt = I put the charger there

The important contrast is:

• ott = there (location, being there)
• oda = to there (movement toward there)

Compare:

• A töltő ott van. = The charger is there.
• Oda teszem a töltőt. = I’ll put the charger there.

Since teszem involves moving something to a place, oda is the natural choice.

This is a very common learner question. Hungarian verbs often have two conjugations:

• indefinite
• definite

Here, the object is definite:

• a töltőt = the charger

Because the object is definite, Hungarian uses the definite conjugation:

• teszem = I put it / I am putting the ...

Compare:

• Teszek egy töltőt az asztalra. = I put a charger onto the table.
  (indefinite object: egy töltőt)
• A töltőt az asztalra teszem. = I put the charger onto the table.
  (definite object: a töltőt)

So teszem is used because the speaker is talking about the charger, not just a charger.

Because it is the direct object of the verb teszem.

Hungarian usually marks the direct object with -t (the accusative ending).

So:

• töltő = charger
• töltőt = charger as the object, roughly the charger

Here:

• oda teszem a töltőt
• I put the charger there

The basic pattern is:

• subject does the action
• object gets the action
• the object often gets -t

More examples:

• Látom a házat. = I see the house.
• Olvasom a könyvet. = I read the book.
• Teszem a töltőt... = I put the charger...

Yes, Hungarian word order is flexible, and it often reflects topic and focus, not just basic grammar roles.

In this sentence:

• A konnektor az asztal alatt van, oda teszem a töltőt.

the speaker starts with A konnektor because that is the thing being talked about: the outlet.

This sounds like:

• The outlet is under the table, I’ll put the charger there.

You could rearrange parts depending on emphasis. For example:

• Az asztal alatt van a konnektor.
  = The outlet is under the table.
  This can put more emphasis on the location.

Hungarian word order is not random, though. Changing it often changes what is highlighted.

It can mean different things depending on context.

Teszem is present tense, but Hungarian present tense can often correspond to English:

• I put
• I am putting
• sometimes I’ll put

In this sentence:

• A konnektor az asztal alatt van, oda teszem a töltőt.

the most natural English meaning is something like:

• The outlet is under the table, I’ll put the charger there.
• or ... I’m putting the charger there.

Hungarian often relies on context rather than using a special future form.

Yes. Konnektor is a normal, widely used Hungarian word for an electrical outlet/socket.

Depending on region and context, English translations may vary:

• socket
• outlet
• power outlet
• wall socket

It is a loanword, but it is fully natural in Hungarian.

Usually oda teszem is better here.

Why?

• ott = there as a location
• oda = to there, toward that location

Since put implies moving something to a place, Hungarian normally prefers oda:

• oda teszem a töltőt = I put the charger there

If you said ott teszem, it would sound less natural in this context, because it focuses more on the place where the action happens rather than the destination.

So the basic rule is:

• use ott for being somewhere
• use oda for moving something somewhere

The sentence contains two closely connected clauses:

• A konnektor az asztal alatt van
• oda teszem a töltőt

The comma separates them in a natural written way, similar to English when two related statements are placed side by side.

The second clause refers back to the location mentioned in the first one:

• the outlet is under the table
• I’ll put the charger there

So the comma helps show that connection clearly.

Yes, exactly.

That is one of the key things happening in this sentence.

First the speaker gives a location:

• az asztal alatt = under the table

Then oda refers back to that location:

• oda teszem a töltőt = I’ll put the charger there

So oda works a bit like a location substitute, avoiding repetition. Instead of saying:

• A konnektor az asztal alatt van, az asztal alá teszem a töltőt

the speaker says the simpler:

• ... oda teszem a töltőt

That is very natural Hungarian.