A nyilvános dokumentum elérhető.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense, third person when you are simply linking a subject to a noun, adjective, or similar description.

So:

• A nyilvános dokumentum elérhető. = The public document is available/accessibile.

But in other persons or tenses, Hungarian does use forms of van:

• A dokumentum elérhető volt. = The document was available.
• A dokumentum elérhető lesz. = The document will be available.
• A dokumentum elérhető? = Is the document available?
  Even in a question, the present-tense is is still omitted here.

A is the definite article, meaning the.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before words beginning with a consonant
• az before words beginning with a vowel

Since nyilvános starts with the consonant sound ny, the correct form is:

• a nyilvános dokumentum

Compare:

• az érdekes dokumentum = the interesting document

No. Hungarian adjectives do not work like English adjectives in terms of comparison with grammatical gender, because Hungarian has no grammatical gender.

Also, when an adjective comes directly before a noun, it usually stays in a basic form and does not change for the noun’s number or case.

So:

• nyilvános dokumentum = public document
• nyilvános dokumentumok = public documents

Notice that nyilvános does not change.

This is often very convenient for English speakers: the adjective stays the same.

Nyilvános means public, open to the public, or not private/confidential.

In this sentence, nyilvános dokumentum means something like:

• public document
• document available to the public
• non-confidential document

The exact nuance depends on context, but the core idea is that the document is not restricted to private internal use.

Elérhető usually means:

• available
• accessible
• reachable

In the sentence A nyilvános dokumentum elérhető, it most naturally means:

• The public document is available
• The public document is accessible

It can be used in many contexts:

• a file can be downloaded
• a webpage can be opened
• a person can be contacted
• a place can be reached

So elérhető is a very useful general word.

It behaves like an adjective here, even though historically it is related to a verb.

It comes from the verb elér = to reach / to attain / to get hold of, and -hető is a suffix meaning something like can be ...-ed.

So elérhető literally has the sense of:

• reachable
• can be reached
• obtainable / accessible

In actual use, though, learners can usually just treat elérhető as an adjective meaning available/accessibile.

This suffix expresses possibility or capability, often similar to English -able / -ible or can be ...-ed.

Examples:

• olvasható = readable / can be read
• látható = visible / can be seen
• érthető = understandable / can be understood
• elérhető = reachable / available / can be reached

Which form appears depends on vowel harmony:

• -ható
• -hető

So in elérhető, the suffix shows that the document is something that can be accessed/reached.

This is the neutral, straightforward word order:

• A nyilvános dokumentum = the subject
• elérhető = what is being said about it

So the sentence simply states a fact:

• The public document is available.

Hungarian word order is often flexible, but changing the order usually changes the focus or emphasis.

For example:

• A nyilvános dokumentum elérhető. = neutral statement
• Elérhető a nyilvános dokumentum. = stronger emphasis on available
• A dokumentum nyilvános és elérhető. = the document is public and available

So the given order is the most normal way to say it with no special emphasis.

Dokumentum is an international/loanword, ultimately related to document in English.

That is why it may look familiar. Hungarian uses many such words, but they still follow Hungarian grammar.

For example:

• dokumentum = document
• dokumentumok = documents
• dokumentumot = document (object form)

So although the word is recognizable, its endings will still be Hungarian.

Because it is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the basic dictionary form (nominative).

Hungarian often marks grammatical roles with suffixes, but the subject usually has no special ending.

Here:

• A nyilvános dokumentum = the public document (subject)

If it were the direct object, it would usually take -t:

• Látom a nyilvános dokumentumot. = I see the public document.

So the lack of an ending here tells you nothing unusual is happening: it is just the subject.

You would normally use egy for a/an:

• Egy nyilvános dokumentum elérhető.

So:

• A nyilvános dokumentum elérhető. = The public document is available.
• Egy nyilvános dokumentum elérhető. = A public document is available.

However, article use between English and Hungarian is not always perfectly parallel, so context matters. But as a basic rule, a = the, and egy = a/an.

It would become:

• A nyilvános dokumentumok elérhetők.

Breakdown:

• dokumentum → dokumentumok = documents
• elérhető → elérhetők = available (plural predicate)

An important point: the adjective before the noun still does not change:

• nyilvános dokumentum = public document
• nyilvános dokumentumok = public documents

But the predicate adjective often shows plurality when it stands by itself after the subject:

• A dokumentum elérhető.
• A dokumentumok elérhetők.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• nyilvános ≈ nyil-vaa-nosh

A few useful points:

• ny is a single Hungarian sound, similar to the ny in Spanish señor or the ny sound in canyon
• á is a long vowel, roughly like a in father
• s in Hungarian is pronounced like English sh

So the end of nyilvános sounds like -nosh, not -nos.

A rough guide is:

• elérhető ≈ eh-layr-heh-toe

A few details:

• é is a long vowel, somewhat like ay in say, but purer
• h is always pronounced
• ő is a long front rounded vowel; English does not really have it, but it is somewhat similar to a rounded version of uh/er with lip rounding

If you cannot produce ő perfectly at first, that is very normal for English speakers.

Yes, in a very literal sense elérhető does mean reachable / can be reached. But with things like documents, files, pages, services, and information, the most natural English translation is often:

• available
• accessible

So while can be reached is not wrong as a literal explanation, it is usually not the best final translation in normal English for this context.

Yes. That is a very natural translation.

Structure:

• nyilvános = public
• dokumentum = document

So:

• nyilvános dokumentum = public document

This adjective + noun pattern works very similarly to English here, which makes the phrase easy to understand for learners.