A közigazgatási folyamat hosszú.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense, third person when the predicate is a noun or an adjective.

So:

• A közigazgatási folyamat hosszú. = The administrative process is long.

But literally, Hungarian says something like:

• The administrative process long.

This is completely normal.

You would include van/vannak in other situations, for example:

• A folyamat hosszú volt. = The process was long.
• A folyamat hosszú lesz. = The process will be long.

So in your sentence, the missing is is not actually missing by Hungarian standards.

Here is the breakdown:

• a = the
• közigazgatási = administrative, relating to public administration
• folyamat = process
• hosszú = long

So the structure is:

• A közigazgatási folyamat = the administrative process
• hosszú = is long

Közigazgatási is an adjective meaning administrative or related to public administration.

It is built from:

• közigazgatás = public administration
• -i = an adjective-forming suffix, often meaning related to or pertaining to

So:

• közigazgatás = public administration
• közigazgatási = administrative / pertaining to public administration

This kind of long derived adjective is very common in Hungarian.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a word that starts with a consonant
• az before a word that starts with a vowel

Here, the next word is közigazgatási, which starts with k, a consonant, so you use:

• a közigazgatási folyamat

Compare:

• a folyamat = the process
• az eljárás = the procedure

This is similar to English a/an, except Hungarian does it with the definite article.

Because hosszú is the predicate adjective here: it tells you something about the subject.

The sentence structure is:

• A közigazgatási folyamat = subject
• hosszú = predicate adjective

So the basic neutral order is:

• The administrative process long
• natural English translation: The administrative process is long

This is very common in Hungarian.

Also, Hungarian word order is quite flexible, so you can also say:

• Hosszú a közigazgatási folyamat.

That version gives more emphasis to long.

Because they do two different jobs:

• közigazgatási is an attributive adjective: it directly describes the noun folyamat, so it goes before the noun.
  • közigazgatási folyamat = administrative process
• hosszú is a predicate adjective: it states something about the whole subject, so it comes in the predicate position.
  • A közigazgatási folyamat hosszú. = The administrative process is long.

Compare:

• a hosszú folyamat = the long process
• a folyamat hosszú = the process is long

That distinction is very important in Hungarian.

It can mean both, depending on context.

So hosszú can describe:

• physical length
  
  • egy hosszú út = a long road
• duration
  
  • egy hosszú folyamat = a long process
  • hosszú megbeszélés = a long meeting

In your sentence, hosszú most naturally means that the process takes a long time or is lengthy.

Folyamat is in the nominative form here, which is the basic dictionary form.

There is no special ending because it is the subject of the sentence.

• folyamat = process
• a folyamat = the process

Hungarian uses many case endings, but in this sentence you are just seeing the basic form.

For example:

• folyamatot = process (accusative, direct object)
• folyamatban = in the process

But here:

• A közigazgatási folyamat hosszú.
• The administrative process is long.

So plain folyamat is exactly what you expect.

A few useful pronunciation points:

• ö is a rounded vowel, somewhat like German ö
• sz is pronounced like English s
• s by itself is pronounced like English sh
• gy is a soft consonant, somewhat like the dy in duke for some speakers, though not exactly
• á and ú are long vowels

Roughly:

• közigazgatási ≈ kuh-zi-guz-guh-TAA-shee
• hosszú ≈ HOS-szoo

More specifically:

• in hosszú, the sz is an s sound, so it is not ho-shoo
• the final ú is long, so hold it a bit longer than a short u

Also, stress in Hungarian usually falls on the first syllable:

• KÖzigazgatási
• HOSZszú

Yes, absolutely.

• A közigazgatási folyamat hosszú. = neutral, straightforward
• Hosszú a közigazgatási folyamat. = emphasizes long

Both are correct.

Hungarian word order often reflects focus or emphasis, not just grammar. So moving hosszú to the front makes it more prominent, like saying:

• The administrative process is long.
• Long is the administrative process. (not natural English, but it shows the emphasis)

A more natural English sense would be:

• The administrative process is indeed long.
• It’s the length of the administrative process that stands out.

Not exactly.

• A közigazgatási folyamat hosszú. = The administrative process is long.
• Egy közigazgatási folyamat hosszú. = An administrative process is long.

So the difference is the same as the versus a/an in English.

Use:

• a when you mean a specific or contextually known process
• egy when you mean a/an, often less specific

Also, egy can sometimes add the sense of one, depending on context.

Yes, it sounds fairly formal or neutral, mostly because of the word közigazgatási, which belongs to administrative or official vocabulary.

The grammar itself is completely normal and not especially formal. What makes it sound formal is the terminology.

A less formal sentence with the same structure could be:

• A film hosszú. = The film is long.
• A nap hosszú. = The day is long.

So the sentence pattern is basic and everyday; the vocabulary is what feels official.