A probléma jelentős.

In Hungarian, a (before consonants) and az (before vowels) mean the.

So in A probléma jelentős., A means the, not English a.

• a probléma = the problem
• az iskola = the school

Hungarian has no indefinite article distinction in this sentence because the speaker is talking about a specific problem: the problem.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is often left out in the present tense, third person.

So:

• A probléma jelentős. = The problem is significant.

There is no separate word for is here, but the meaning is still complete and natural.

Compare:

• Én fáradt vagyok. = I am tired.
• Te fáradt vagy. = You are tired.
• Ő fáradt. = He/She is tired.

Notice that in third person singular, Hungarian usually drops the present-tense is.

Hungarian adjectives usually come before the noun when they directly describe it inside a noun phrase:

• a jelentős probléma = the significant problem

But in your sentence, jelentős is not directly attached to the noun inside one noun phrase. It is the predicate adjective:

• A probléma jelentős. = The problem is significant.

So:

• a jelentős probléma = the significant problem
• a probléma jelentős = the problem is significant

This is the same difference as in English between:

• the significant problem
• the problem is significant

Yes, but it means something different.

• A probléma jelentős. = The problem is significant.
• A jelentős probléma = The significant problem

The second one is only a noun phrase, not a full sentence. It usually needs more context or a verb:

• A jelentős probléma megoldható. = The significant problem can be solved.

So if you want a complete sentence meaning The problem is significant, you need A probléma jelentős.

Usually, no. Hungarian adjectives do not agree with the noun in gender, and Hungarian has no grammatical gender.

In a basic sentence like this, jelentős stays the same:

• A probléma jelentős.
• A ház jelentős.
• A költség jelentős.

However, adjectives can take endings in some situations, especially when they are used more like nouns or when they get case endings/plural markers themselves.

But for a simple predicate adjective like here, the form stays unchanged.

Probléma is a noun meaning problem.

A few useful details:

• singular form: probléma
• with the definite article: a probléma = the problem
• plural: problémák = problems

This noun is a loanword and ends in -a, but it behaves like a normal Hungarian noun.

Examples:

• Ez probléma. = This is a problem.
• A probléma nagy. = The problem is big.
• Sok probléma van. = There are many problems.

Jelentős commonly means:

• significant
• considerable
• substantial
• sometimes important, depending on context

So A probléma jelentős. can suggest:

• the problem is serious,
• the problem is considerable,
• the problem has importance or impact.

The exact English translation depends on context. In many situations, significant is the best match.

Yes. Hungarian word order is flexible, and changing it often changes focus or emphasis rather than the basic meaning.

• A probléma jelentős. = neutral statement: The problem is significant.
• Jelentős a probléma. = stronger focus on significant / serious

The second version might sound like:

• The problem is significant indeed
• It is significant, this problem
• The problem is serious

So both are possible, but the original sentence is the more neutral, straightforward version.

A simple pronunciation guide:

• A = short aw / uh, depending on accent
• probléma ≈ pro-BLAY-maw
• jelentős ≈ YEH-len-tursh or YEH-len-tøːsh more accurately

A few key points:

• Hungarian stress is usually on the first syllable:
  • PRObléma
  • JElentős
• é is a long vowel, roughly like ay in say, but cleaner and tenser
• ő is a long front rounded vowel, which English does not really have
• s in Hungarian sounds like English sh
• sz sounds like English s

So jelentős ends with a sh sound because of s.

In Hungarian, accent marks are very important. They are not optional.

They mainly show vowel quality and often vowel length.

In this sentence:

• á is different from a
• é is different from e
• ő is different from ö

So:

• probléma must be written with é
• jelentős must be written with ő

If you leave accents off, the word may become incorrect or look careless, and sometimes it can even change meaning.

Normally, no. That would not be standard Hungarian for this meaning.

If you mean The problem is significant, you should say:

• A probléma jelentős.

If you want A problem is significant, Hungarian would usually express that differently depending on context, for example:

• Egy probléma jelentős. = A problem is significant
  though this is less natural without context

Hungarian articles are used differently from English in some situations, but here the definite article a is the normal choice.

It is completely natural and grammatical, but jelentős is a slightly more formal or analytical word than something like nagy or komoly.

Compare:

• A probléma jelentős. = The problem is significant.
• A probléma komoly. = The problem is serious.
• A probléma nagy. = The problem is big/major.

So your sentence sounds natural, especially in:

• academic language
• formal discussion
• reports
• professional conversation

In casual everyday speech, speakers might often prefer komoly if they mean serious.